Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with capecitabine based regimen in locally advanced rectal cancer: A retrospective study

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Preoperative Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

Deborah Schrag et al.

Summary: Preoperative FOLFOX chemotherapy is as effective as preoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer eligible for sphincter-sparing surgery.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2023)

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Meeting Abstract Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Preoperative Treatment of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

D. Schrag et al.

DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM (2023)

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Article Oncology

Chemoradiotherapy Plus Induction or Consolidation Chemotherapy as Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Long-term Results of the CAO/ARO/AIO-12 Randomized Clinical Trial

Emmanouil Fokas et al.

Summary: This study reported the long-term results of total neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer, showing that chemoradiotherapy followed by chemotherapy resulted in higher pathological complete response without compromising disease-free survival, toxicity, quality of life, or stool incontinence, and is proposed as the preferred sequence for total neoadjuvant therapy if organ preservation is a priority.

JAMA ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Article Oncology

Organ Preservation in Patients With Rectal Adenocarcinoma Treated With Total Neoadjuvant Therapy

Julio Garcia-Aguilar et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that organ preservation is achievable in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with total neoadjuvant therapy, without a decrease in survival.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Review Immunology

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: A new era for anal preservation

Yaqi Wang et al.

Summary: For patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by total mesorectal excision is the standard treatment, which can reduce local recurrence rate and improve tumor response. The combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy has a strong theoretical basis and ongoing clinical trials are showing promising short-term efficacy. Accurately evaluating the treatment response after neoadjuvant therapy is important for patient selection of the 'Watch and Wait' approach. Finding accurate biomarkers can help guide treatment decisions and large-scale clinical trials are needed to explore long-term prognosis.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

PD-1 Blockade in Mismatch Repair-Deficient, Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer

Andrea Cercek et al.

Summary: This study found that mismatch repair-deficient, locally advanced rectal cancer is highly sensitive to PD-1 blockade. Additionally, no adverse events of grade 3 or higher have been reported, and no cases of progression or recurrence have been observed. Longer follow-up is needed to assess the duration of response.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Immunology

Efficacy and Safety of Neoadjuvant Monoimmunotherapy With PD-1 Inhibitor for dMMR/MSI-H Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Single-Center Real-World Study

Xuan Zhang et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of single-agent PD-1 inhibitor as neoadjuvant treatment for patients with dMMR/MSI-H LACRC. The results showed favorable objective response rate (ORR) and pathological complete response (pCR) rate, as well as low incidences of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and surgical-related adverse events (srAEs), indicating the significant effectiveness and safety of this nIT regimen.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Surgery

Total neoadjuvant therapy or standard chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Zhou Ma et al.

Summary: Through meta-analysis, total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) has shown better efficacy than standard neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), improving overall survival, disease-free survival, and distant metastases-free survival. While there was no significant difference in local recurrence-free survival, TNT demonstrated excellent short-term efficacy.

FRONTIERS IN SURGERY (2022)

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Article Oncology

Conditional recurrence-free survival of clinical complete responders managed by watch and wait after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer in the International Watch & Wait Database: a retrospective, international, multicentre registry study

Laura M. Fernandez et al.

Summary: This study used conditional survival modeling based on the International Watch & Wait Database to conclude that in patients with rectal cancer managed by a watch-and-wait approach, intensive surveillance could potentially be reduced if they achieve and maintain a clinical complete response within the first 3 years.

LANCET ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy before total mesorectal excision (TME) versus preoperative chemoradiotherapy, TME, and optional adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (RAPIDO): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial

Renu R. Bahadoer et al.

Summary: The RAPIDO trial aimed to reduce systemic relapses in locally advanced rectal cancer through short-course radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and delayed surgery. Results showed a decreased probability of disease-related treatment failure in the experimental group compared to standard care, with diarrhea being the most common adverse event and neurological toxicity being prominent in the standard care group during adjuvant chemotherapy.

LANCET ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Oncology

Use of Total Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Initial Results From the Pembrolizumab Arm of a Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial

Osama E. Rahma et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the addition of pembrolizumab during and after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer patients, showing no significant differences in NAR score, pathological complete response rate, and other outcomes between the two groups.

JAMA ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Review Oncology