Functionalization of two-dimensional MXene-based nanomaterials for water purifications and energy conversion applications: A review

Growing industrialization and urbanization generate greater quantities of wastewater, which is constantly thrown into the surroundings. A number of dangerous contaminants like heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, anti-biotics, and microbes are discharged into aquatic environments. Around the world, more than 80% of wastewater is discharged into the environment without being adequately treated. While environmental pollution is still increasing because of the increased percentage of polluting sectors, traditional methods of cleaning the envi-ronment are ineffective and costly. Recently, research has concentrated on designing 2D nanomaterials for environmental applications. MXenes and MXene based materials have drawn considerable interest and are now being investigated as novel substrate materials for a variety of applications because of their tuneable interlayer spacing and tailorable surface chemistry. This review discusses the fabrication methods, characterization methods, MXene derived materials, functionalization, toxicity, the multifunctional role of MXene, and applica-tions of MXene based materials for CO2 reduction, H2 generation, and wastewater treatment systems. There are also multiple viewpoints on issues and future studies in this field that are addressed.

Automated summary

Growing industrialization and urbanization result in increasing amount of wastewater being discharged into the environment without proper treatment, leading to environmental pollution. Traditional methods of cleaning the environment are ineffective and expensive, prompting research on 2D nanomaterials for environmental applications. MXenes and MXene based materials have received considerable attention due to their tunability and are being investigated for various applications, including CO2 reduction, H2 generation, and wastewater treatment systems.