Journal
MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM
Volume 119, Issue 3, Pages 258-269Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.08.007
Keywords
Pseudoexon; Fabry disease; GLA; hnRNP A1 hnRNP A2/B1; hnRNP F/H; Splice switching oligonucleotide (SSO); ESE; ESS
Funding
- Natur og Univers
- Det Frie Forskningsrad [4181-00515]
- Novo Nordisk Fonden (DK) [61310-0128, 15430]
- Novo Nordisk Fonden [NNF13OC0007939, NNF11OC1015438] Funding Source: researchfish
- Villum Fonden [00007292] Funding Source: researchfish
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Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive inborn disorder of the glycosphingolipid metabolism, caused by total or partial deficiency of the lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A enzyme due to mutations in the GLA gene. The prevalent c.639 + 919 G>A mutation in GM leads to pathogenic insertion of a 57 bp pseudoexon sequence from intron 4, which is responsible for the cardiac variant phenotype. In this study we investigate the splicing regulatory mechanism leading to CIA pseudoexon activation. Splicing analysis of GLA minigenes revealed that pseudoexon activation is influenced by cell-type. We demonstrate that the wild-type sequence harbors an hnRNP A1 and hnRNP A2/B1-binding exonic splicing silencer (ESS) overlapping the 5'splice site (5'ss) that prevents pseudoexon inclusion. The c.639 + 919 G>A mutation disrupts this ESS allowing U1 snRNP recognition of the 5'ss. We show that the wild-type GLA 5'ss motif with the ESS is also able to inhibit inclusion of an unrelated pseudoexon in the FGB gene, and that also in the FGB context inactivation of the ESS by the c.639 + 919 G>A mutation causes pseudoexon activation, underscoring the universal nature of the ESS. Finally, we demonstrate that splice switching oligonucleotide (SSO) mediated blocking of the pseudoexon 3'ss and 5'ss effectively restores normal GM splicing. This indicates that SSO based splicing correction may be a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of Fabry disease. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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