Study of the Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties, and In Vitro Anti-Diabetic Efficacy of Gracilaria bursa-pastoris Extracts

In this study, a comparison was made of the chemical makeup of different extracts obtained from Gracilaria bursa-pastoris, a type of red seaweed that was gathered from the Nador lagoon situated in the northern part of Morocco. Additionally, their anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties were investigated. The application of GC-MS technology to analyze the fatty acid content of the samples revealed that linoleic acid and eicosenoic acid were the most abundant unsaturated fatty acids across all samples, with palmitic acid and oleic acid following in frequency. The HPLC analysis indicated that ascorbic and kojic acids were the most prevalent phenolic compounds, while apigenin was the most common flavonoid molecule. The aqueous extract exhibited significant levels of polyphenols and flavonoids, registering values of 381.31 & PLUSMN; 0.33 mg GAE/g and 201.80 & PLUSMN; 0.21 mg QE/g, respectively. Furthermore, this particular extract demonstrated a remarkable ability to scavenge DPPH radicals, as evidenced by its IC50 value of 0.17 & PLUSMN; 0.67 mg/mL. In addition, the methanolic extract was found to possess antioxidant properties, as evidenced by its ability to prevent & beta;-carotene discoloration, with an IC50 ranging from 0.062 & PLUSMN; 0.02 mg/mL to 0.070 & PLUSMN; 0.06 mg/mL. In vitro study showed that all extracts significantly inhibited the enzymatic activity of & alpha;-amylase and & alpha;-glucosidase. Finally, molecular docking models were applied to assess the interaction between the primary phytochemicals identified in G. bursa-pastoris extracts and the human pancreatic & alpha;-amylase and & alpha;-glucosidase enzymes. The findings suggest that these extracts contain bioactive substances capable of reducing enzyme activity more effectively than the commercially available drug acarbose.

Automated summary

This study compared the chemical composition and investigated the anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties of different extracts obtained from Gracilaria bursa-pastoris collected from the Nador lagoon in Morocco. The fatty acid analysis revealed high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, and the HPLC analysis identified ascorbic and kojic acids as the prevalent phenolic compounds. The aqueous extract exhibited significant levels of polyphenols and flavonoids, with strong scavenging ability against DPPH radicals, and all extracts showed inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity. Molecular docking models demonstrated that the identified phytochemicals in G. bursa-pastoris extracts have better enzyme activity reduction ability than the commercially available drug acarbose.