AIE-Enabled In Situ and Real-Time Visualization of Polymer Growth during Interfacial Polymerization

Interfacial polymerization is a prevalent approach forsynthesizinghigh-performance materials. However, monitoring the polymer growthduring this process has posed significant challenges. To overcomethis, we have harnessed the aggregation-induced emission effect toenable in situ and real-time observation of the entire interfacialpolymerization process. By employing a confocal laser scanning microscope,we have acquired clear images of the polymer and characterized theevolution of its structural heterogeneity, utilizing the environmentalsensitivity of the fluorescent AIE moiety. Intriguingly, our studyrevealed that the polymer density is higher away from the interface,in contrast to the expected homogeneity. The changing ratio of thetwo monomers in the reaction region accounts for this density gradient.Additionally, we have demonstrated the precise growth kinetics ofthe polymer under various conditions. Our results provide a novelplatform for elucidating the mechanisms and properties of interfacialpolymerization.

Automated summary

Interfacial polymerization is a widely used method for synthesizing high-performance materials, but monitoring the growth of polymers during this process has been challenging. To overcome this, we have utilized the aggregation-induced emission effect to observe the entire interfacial polymerization process in real time. Using a confocal laser scanning microscope, we obtained clear images of the polymer and characterized its structural heterogeneity. Interestingly, our study revealed that the polymer density is higher away from the interface, contrary to expectations of homogeneity. The changing ratio of monomers in the reaction region explains this density gradient. Additionally, we demonstrated the precise growth kinetics of the polymer under different conditions. Our results provide a novel platform for understanding the mechanisms and properties of interfacial polymerization.