Journal
MOLECULAR CELL
Volume 61, Issue 6, Pages 797-808Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.01.030
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Funding
- European Research Council [336079]
- Israel Science Foundation [268/14]
- Israeli Ministry of Health [9988-3]
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- German Federal Ministry for Education and Research
- Helmholtz Association
- Max Planck Society
- Swedish Research Council
- Goran Gustafsson Foundation
- Umea University
- Helmholtz post-doctoral program
- European Research Council (ERC) [336079] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins constitute an adaptive immune system in prokaryotes. The system preserves memories of prior infections by integrating short segments of foreign DNA, termed spacers, into the CRISPR array in a process termed adaptation. During the past 3 years, significant progress has been made on the genetic requirements and molecular mechanisms of adaptation. Here we review these recent advances, with a focus on the experimental approaches that have been developed, the insights they generated, and a proposed mechanism for selfversus non-self-discrimination during the process of spacer selection. We further describe the regulation of adaptation and the protein players involved in this fascinating process that allows bacteria and archaea to harbor adaptive immunity.
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