Pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril and its metabolite, toltrazuril sulfone, in suckling piglets following oral and intramuscular administrations

Toltrazuril (TZR) is currently the only registered chemotherapeutic drug in the European Union for the treatment of Cystoisospora suis. This study investigated the comparative pharmacokinetics and tissue concentration-time profiles of TZR and its active metabolite, toltrazuril sulfone (TZR-SO2), after oral (per os, p.o.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration to suckling piglets. Following a single administration of TZR orally at 50 mg/piglet or intramuscularly at 45 mg/piglet, higher concentrations of TZR and TZR-SO2 were observed in all three investigated tissues after p.o. administration. The mean TZR concentration in serum peaked at 14 mu g/mL (34.03 h) and 5.36 mu g/mL (120 h), while TZR-SO2 peaked at 14.12 mu g/mL (246 h) and 9.92 mu g/mL (330 h) after p.o. and i.m. administration, respectively. TZR was undetectable in the liver after p.o. administration (18 days) and in the jejunum (24 days) after i. m. injection, while TZR-SO2 was still detectable in all three tissues after 36 days regardless of administration routes. This study showed that p.o. formulation exhibited faster absorption and higher serum/tissue TZR/TZR-SO2 concentrations than i.m. formulation. Both formulations generated sufficient therapeutic concentrations in the serum and jejunum, and sustained enough time to protect against Cystoisospora suis infection in the piglets.

Automated summary

This study compared the pharmacokinetics and tissue concentration-time profiles of TZR and its metabolite, TZR-SO2, after oral and intramuscular administration to suckling piglets. The results showed that the oral formulation exhibited faster absorption and higher concentrations in the liver, while the intramuscular formulation had higher concentrations in the jejunum. Both formulations generated sufficient concentrations in the serum and jejunum to protect against Cystoisospora suis infection.