4.6 Review

Review-Primary Production of Aluminium with Oxygen Evolving Anodes

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Future greenhouse gas emissions from metal production: gaps and opportunities towards climate goals

Ryosuke Yokoi et al.

Summary: This study predicts future greenhouse gas emissions related to the production of six metals by considering the metal cycles according to shared socio-economic pathways. It is found that even though trends for GHG emissions from metal production vary significantly among different SSPs, they cannot meet the climate goal of maintaining temperature change below 2 degrees C. Therefore, immediate actions to reduce GHG emissions are necessary.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2022)

Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Improving corrosion resistance of Cu-Al-based anodes in KF-AlF3-Al2O3 melts

Sai Krishna Padamata et al.

Summary: By studying the anodic behavior of Cu-Al-based anodes in KF-AlF3-Al2O3 melts, it was found that pre-oxidised anodes have a lower corrosion rate compared to those without pre-oxidation treatment.

TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA (2022)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Evaluation of Ni-Fe base alloys as inert anode for low-temperature aluminium electrolysis

Wei Wei et al.

Summary: The isothermal oxidation behaviors of Ni-Fe alloys and Ni-Fe-Cr alloys in air at high temperatures and their anodic behaviors in an aluminum electrolysis system were evaluated. The results showed that the addition of Cr promoted the growth of the inner Cr2O3 layer and reduced the content of Fe2O3. The Ni-Fe-15Cr anode exhibited superior oxidation resistance compared to the Ni-Fe anode.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2022)

Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Wettable TiB2 Cathode for Aluminum Electrolysis: A Review

Sai Krishna Padamata et al.

Summary: Titanium diboride (TiB2) is a promising material for wettable cathodes in aluminum electrolysis. The introduction of wetted cathodes can reduce the vertical anode-cathode distance and decrease energy consumption. To improve the lifetime, TiB2 cathodes should have resistance to electrolyte penetration.

JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY (2022)

Article Materials Science, Ceramics

Sintering kinetics and properties of NiFe2O4-based ceramics inert anodes doped with TiN nanoparticles

Zhigang Zhang et al.

Summary: The sintering kinetics of NiFe2O4-based ceramics with 7 wt% TiN nanoparticles were studied to investigate densification and grain growth behaviors. The linear shrinkage increased gradually with increasing sintering temperature, reaching a peak at 1189.4 degrees C. The sintering process was divided into three stages based on pressureless sintering kinetics window. The grain growth behavior was controlled by atomic diffusion, with the grain growth exponent decreasing and the grain growth activation energy decreasing with increasing sintering temperature. The electrical conductivity of NiFe2O4-based ceramics first increased and then decreased with increasing sintering temperature, reaching a maximum at 960 degrees C. The thermal shock resistance of NiFe2O4-based ceramics was improved due to a stronger grain boundary bonding strength and lower coefficient of linear thermal expansion.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY (2022)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Impact of HVOF-Sprayed Ni-Cr and (Co,Ni)O Coatings on the Corrosion Behavior of Cu-Ni-Fe Anodes for Green Aluminum Production

S. Mohammadkhani et al.

Summary: The study investigated the effects of (Co, Ni) O and Ni-Cr coatings on the Cu-Ni-Fe alloys during oxidation and electrolysis processes, demonstrating that (Co, Ni) O coatings can improve their corrosion resistance, prevent fluorination, and form a protective NiFe2O4 layer.

METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2022)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Electrolytic properties and element migration in Ni-TiB2/Al2O3 composite cathode

Yu-Dong Liang et al.

Summary: By using Ni-TiB2/Al2O3 composite cathode material, this study successfully improved the sintering density and electrolytic performance of the composite cathode material. During electrolysis, the aluminum liquid can effectively wet the cathode surface, and the migration behavior of elements revealed that alkali elements penetrate the electrode, with K going deeper than Na.

RARE METALS (2021)

Article Materials Science, Ceramics

The role of TiB2 particles in the creep and penetrating resistance of graphite-based composite

Zengjie Wang et al.

Summary: In this study, the creep behaviors of graphitic and graphite-TiB2 composite as cathode materials during high-temperature aluminum electrolysis were investigated. The addition of TiB2 particles significantly improved creep resistance and mechanical properties while reducing penetrating channels and micro-cracks, resulting in enhanced properties of the composite material.

CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL (2021)

Article Materials Science, Ceramics

Effect of TiN content on properties of NiFe2O4-based ceramic inert anode for aluminum electrolysis

Zhigang Zhang et al.

Summary: In this study, NiFe2O4-based ceramic inert anodes doped with TiN nanoparticles were prepared to investigate the sintering behavior and properties of the composites. The results showed that the addition of TiN nanoparticles improved the sintering performance and stabilized the microstructure of the ceramics.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Electrochemistry

Towards the Stability of Low-Temperature Aluminum Electrolysis

Andrey Suzdaltsev et al.

Summary: This study considered the results of several different tests related to low-temperature aluminum electrolysis. It is recommended that mass transfer processes in the anode-cathode space play a significant role during electrolysis in low-temperature KF-AlF3 and NaF-AlF3-based melts. It was also found that the cathode current density should not exceed 0.4-0.55 A cm(-2) during electrolysis at 750 degrees C-800 degrees C.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

High-temperature behaviour of HVOF (Co,Ni)O coated Cu-Ni-Fe anodes

S. Mohammadkhani et al.

Summary: In this study, protective (Co, Ni)O coatings were deposited on CuNi-Fe alloys using the HVOF process to enhance their corrosion resistance at high temperatures. The behavior of the coatings and substrate compositions were studied, showing that coatings with higher nickel content can slow down oxygen and copper diffusion, while nickel-rich alloys form a NiFe2O4 scale that decreases in thickness with increased nickel content in the coatings.

CORROSION SCIENCE (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Alumina Solubility and Dissolution Rate in NaF-KF-AlF3-LiF-CaF2 Low-Temperature Electrolyte

Hengwei Yan et al.

Summary: The NaF-KF-AlF3-based electrolyte is a promising low-temperature electrolyte for aluminum reduction. The study showed that the solubility and dissolution rate of alumina are affected by the content of LiF and CaF2 in the melt, with LiF having a greater impact. The dissolution rate of alumina is zero-order in the first 5 minutes and first-order in the following 30 minutes.

METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2021)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Recent progress of inert anodes for carbon-free aluminium electrolysis: a review and outlook

Yong He et al.

Summary: Carbon-free aluminum electrolysis based on inert anodes is a disruptive technology for achieving carbon neutrality in the aluminum industry. Research on inert anode materials, particularly metals and cermets, is crucial due to the performance requirements under harsh electrolysis conditions. The review provides a comparison of different materials in terms of electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance, offering insights for the future application of inert anode materials.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

KF-NaF-AlF3 System: Liquidus Temperature and Phase Transition

Hengwei Yan et al.

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Alumina Solubility in NaF-KF-LiF-AlF3-Based Low-Temperature Melts

Jianping Peng et al.

Article Thermodynamics

Effect of the Alkaline Metal Cations on the Electrical Conductivity of the Molten Cryolites (K3AIF6, Rb3AIF6, and Cs3AIF6)

Frantisek Simko et al.

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA (2020)

Article Electrochemistry

Oxidation and Corrosion Behavior of (Cu-10Cu2O) - (NiFe2O4-10NiO) Cermet Inert Anode with Interpenetrating Structure

Yu-qiang Tao et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMICAL SCIENCE (2020)

Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Anodic process on Cu?Al alloy in KF?AlF 3?Al 2 O 3 melts and suspensions

Sai Krishna Padamata et al.

TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA (2020)

Article Materials Science, Coatings & Films

Suspension plasma spray deposition of CoxNi1-xO coatings

Saeed Mohammadkhani et al.

SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY (2020)

Article Electrochemistry

Thermodynamic Investigation on Ionic Structure and Electrical Conductivity of Molten NaF-AlF3 Salts

Min Tan et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrode processes in the KF-AlF3-Al2O3 melt

Sai Krishna Padamata et al.

NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Sustainable Primary Aluminium Production: Technology Status and Future Opportunities

Amit Gupta et al.

TRANSACTIONS OF THE INDIAN INSTITUTE OF METALS (2019)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Study of Cu-Ni-Fe Alloys as Inert Anodes for Al Production in Low-Temperature KF-AlF3 Electrolyte

Sylvain Jucken et al.

METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2019)

Article Electrochemistry

Electrochemical Oxidation of Fe-Ni Alloys in Cryolite-Alumina Molten Salts at High Temperature

Dao Cao et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2019)

Review Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Electrolytes and its additives used in aluminum reduction cell: a review

Sai Krishna Padamata et al.

METALLURGICAL RESEARCH & TECHNOLOGY (2019)

Article Electrochemistry

Electrical Conductivity of Low-Temperature Potassium Cryolite Electrolytes Suitable for Innovation of Aluminum Preparation

Emilia Kubinakova et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The Effect of La on the Oxidation and Corrosion Resistance of Cu52Ni30Fe18 Alloy Inert Anode for Aluminum Electrolysis

Liu Ying et al.

ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (2018)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Effect of TiO2 Addition on Grain Growth, Anodic Bubble Evolution and Anodic Overvoltage of NiFe2O4-Based Composite Inert Anodes

Bin Wang et al.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND PERFORMANCE (2017)

Article Electrochemistry

Electrical Conductivity of Low-Temperature Cryolite Electrolytes with High Addition of Aluminum Fluoride

Emilia Kubinakova et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2017)

Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Effect of sintering atmosphere on corrosion resistance of NiFe2O4 ceramic in Na3AlF6-Al2O3 melt

Tian Zhong-liang et al.

JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY (2017)

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

NaF-KF-AlF3 System: Phase Transition in K2NaAl3F12 Ternary Fluoride

Sergei D. Kirik et al.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2015)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Microstructural development and mechanical properties of hot pressed SiC reinforced TiB2 based composite

Abbas Sabahi Namini et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS (2015)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Anodic Corrosion Behavior of NiFe2O4-Based Cermet in Na3AlF6-K3AlF6-AlF3 for Aluminum Electrolysis

Zhongliang Tian et al.

METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2015)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Oxygen-evolving SnO2-based Ceramic Anodes in Aluminium Electrolysis

Ana-Maria Popescu

CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN CHINESE UNIVERSITIES (2014)

Article Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical

Current Efficiency, Corrosion and Structural Changes in SnO2-Sb2O3-CuO Inert Anodes for Aluminium Electrolysis

Ana-Maria Popescu et al.

CHINESE JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS (2014)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Exploring Cu2O/Cu cermet as a partially inert anode to produce aluminum in a sustainable way

Li-Chao Feng et al.

JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS (2014)

Proceedings Paper Electrochemistry

Density and Molar Volume of KF-NaF-AlF3 Melts with Al2O3 and CaF2 Additions

Alexander E. Dedyukhin et al.

MOLTEN SALTS AND IONIC LIQUIDS 19 (2014)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Anodic behaviour of the Cu82Al8Ni5Fe5 alloy in low-temperature aluminium electrolysis

A. P. Khramov et al.

CORROSION SCIENCE (2013)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Transport numbers in the molten system NaF-KF-AlF3-Al2O3

Jan Hives et al.

IONICS (2013)

Article Materials Science, Ceramics

Corrosion of nickel ferrite refractory by Na3AlF6-AlF3-CaF2-Al2O3 bath

Sharon A. Nightingale et al.

JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY (2013)

Article Materials Science, Ceramics

Interaction of molten aluminum with porous TiB2-based ceramics containing Ti-Fe additives

Hamed Heidari et al.

JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY (2012)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

High temperature oxidation behaviour of Ni-Fe-Co anodes for aluminium electrolysis

Vivien Chapman et al.

CORROSION SCIENCE (2011)

Article Electrochemistry

Anodic behaviour of oxidised Ni-Fe alloys in cryolite-alumina melts

Vivien Chapman et al.

ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA (2011)

Article Engineering, Chemical

Reducing the greenhouse gas footprint of primary metal production: Where should the focus be?

Terry Norgate et al.

MINERALS ENGINEERING (2011)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Liquidus Temperatures of Cryolite Melts With Low Cryolite Ratio

Alexei Apisarov et al.

METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2011)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Metal Anode Performance in Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Aluminum Production

T. R. Beck et al.

METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2011)

Article Physics, Condensed Matter

Preparation and magnetic property investigation of a nickel spinel ferrite-coated tetrapod-like ZnO composite

Xiaohui Cao et al.

SOLID STATE COMMUNICATIONS (2011)

Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Phase evolution of 17(Cu-10Ni)-(NiFe2O4-10NiO) cermet inert anode during aluminum electrolysis

Liu Jian-yuan et al.

TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA (2011)

Article Electrochemistry

Microstructural Aspects of the Degradation Behavior of SnO2-Based Anodes for Aluminum Electrolysis

Sergey Yu. Vassiliev et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2010)

Article Electrochemistry

Electrolytic Production of Aluminum Using Mechanically Alloyed Cu-Al-Ni-Fe-Based Materials as Inert Anodes

S. Helle et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2010)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Alumina Solubility and Diffusion Coefficient of the Dissolved Alumina Species in Low-Temperature Fluoride Electrolytes

E. J. Frazer et al.

METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2010)

Article Electrochemistry

Physicochemical properties of KF-NaF-AlF3 molten electrolytes

A. P. Apisarov et al.

RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ELECTROCHEMISTRY (2010)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Stability of electroplated titanium diboride coatings in high-temperature corrosive media

N. Rybakova et al.

CORROSION SCIENCE (2009)

Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

The Solubility and Dissolution Rate of Alumina in Acidic Cryolite Aluminous Melts

N. V. Vasyunina et al.

RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF NON-FERROUS METALS (2009)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Research progress in TiB2 wettable cathode for aluminum reduction

Jie Li et al.

Article Chemistry, Physical

Homogenization of highly alloyed Cu-Fe-Ni: A phase diagram study

Isabella Gallino et al.

JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION (2008)

Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Effect of additive on corrosion resistance of NiFe2O4 ceramics as inert anodes

Xi Jin-hui et al.

TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA (2008)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

The solubilitv of some transition metal oxides in cryolite-alumina melts:: part III.: Solubility of CuO and Cu2O

Odd-Arne Lorentsen et al.

METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2007)

Article Materials Science, Ceramics

Cu(2)O/Cu cermet as a candidate inert anode for Al production

L. C. Feng et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED CERAMIC TECHNOLOGY (2007)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Laboratory-scale performance of a binary Cu-Al alloy as an anode for aluminium electrowinning

Mark Glucina et al.

CORROSION SCIENCE (2006)

Article Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering

Results from 100 h electrolysis testing of NiFe2O4 based cermet as inert anode in aluminum reduction

Lai Yan-qing et al.

TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA (2006)

Article Materials Science, Ceramics

Electrical conductivity of inhomogeneous Cu2O-10CuAlO2-xCu cermets

N Xie et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY (2005)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Sn2-2xSbxFexO4 solid solutions as possible inert anode materials in aluminum electrolysis

VA Govorov et al.

CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS (2005)

Article Thermodynamics

Phase diagram of the system NaF-KF-AlF3

V Danielik et al.

JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY (2004)

Article Thermodynamics

Density, viscosity, surface tension, and interfacial tension in the systems NaF(KF)+AlF3

A Silny et al.

JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA (2004)

Article Electrochemistry

Electrical conductivity of low-melting electrolytes for aluminium smelting

J Híves et al.

ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA (2004)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Thermodynamic assessment of the Co-O system

M Chen et al.

JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA (2003)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Solubility of some transition metal oxides in cryolite-alumina melts:: Part I.: Solubility of FeO, FeAl2O4, NiO, and NiAl2O4

TE Jentoftsen et al.

METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2002)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Modeling of the solubility of alumina in the NaF-AIF3 system at 1300 K

YS Zhang et al.

METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE (2002)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Inert anodes for Al smelters: Energy balances and environmental impact

H Kvande et al.

JOM-JOURNAL OF THE MINERALS METALS & MATERIALS SOCIETY (2001)

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Chemical and electrochemical behavior of titanium diboride in cryolite-alumina melt and in molten aluminum

SV Devyatkin et al.

JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY (2000)