Evolution of the characterization of horizontally aligned organic light-emitting molecules and their recent progress of molecular design

This review article surveys the organic small molecular materials, light-emitting for most of them, being studied for the molecular alignment or orientation in thin films. Following a chronicle order, three practical characterization techniques, variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE), angle-dependent photoluminescence (ADPL), and grazing incidence wide-angle x-ray scattering (GIWAXS) have been used to probe phosphorescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials, as well as those of non-phosphorescence and non-TADF materials.

Automated summary

This review article surveys the application of organic small molecular materials, most of which are light-emitting, in the study of molecular alignment or orientation in thin films. Three practical characterization techniques, including variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE), angle-dependent photoluminescence (ADPL), and grazing incidence wide-angle x-ray scattering (GIWAXS), have been used to investigate phosphorescent, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials, as well as non-phosphorescent and non-TADF materials.