Characteristics and complications of anogenital infantile hemangiomas: A multicenter retrospective analysis

Background: Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) of the anogenital region remain poorly characterized.Objective: To examine the distribution, ulceration rate, and associated congenital anomalies of anogenital IHs.Methods: Retrospective study at 8 tertiary referral centers.Results: A total of 435 infants with an IH of the anogenital region were enrolled (of which, 319 [73%] were girls). Congenital anomalies were present in 6.4% (n = 28) of infants with an anogenital IH. Segmental or partial segmental anogenital IHs ulcerated in 72% (n = 99 of 138) of infants, whereas 45% (n = 133 of 297) of focal anogenital IHs experienced ulceration (P \ .001). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, segmental or partial segmental morphology (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.70; 95% CI, 1.60-4.64), mixed type (aOR, 3.44; 95% CI, 2.01-6.07), and perianal (aOR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.53-6.12) and buttocks location (aOR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.17-3.76) had increased odds of ulceration. Segmental or partial segmental IHs of the genitalia were confined to distinct anatomic territories and were predominantly distributed unilaterally, with a linear demarcation at the perineal raphe.Limitations: Possible selection bias, given recruitment at tertiary referral centers.Conclusion: This study improves our understanding of high-risk features of anogenital IHs and demonstrates that genital segmental or partial segmental IHs develop within distinct anatomic territories. ( J Am Acad Dermatol 2023;89:1015-21.)

Automated summary

This study provides a better understanding of the high-risk features of anogenital hemangiomas and demonstrates that segmental or partial segmental hemangiomas develop within specific anatomical territories.