A collection of the best practice examples of electroanalytical applications in education: from polarography to sensors

Electroanalytical methods have undergone development and change from the first polarographic applications to the sensor strategies in today's sense. However, the most important goals are always to detect a wide variety of analytes in complex environments with high selectivity, sensitivity, user-friendliness, and low cost. In these respects, electrochemistry has always been a prominent method. This review explains the evaluation of electrochemical applications from the past to the future. An overview of the electroanalytical techniques, such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and amperometry, is given with their most recent applications in the determination of various analytes. Today, it is aimed to develop next-generation strategies using electroanalytical techniques. Analyses with easily applicable, fast-response, portable sensor devices have been taken to a different level. Electrochemistry-based glucose sensors, biosensors, nanosensors, and wearable sensors developed for this purpose and their latest applications are discussed in detail. The point electroanalytical applications have reached today is the use and commercialization of highly advantageous sensor devices in biomedical, clinical, and environmental applications. This review aims to shed light on the developments from the past applications to the present, give an idea about current practices, and offer a comprehensive perspective to researchers who want to work in this field.

Automated summary

Electroanalytical methods have evolved from polarographic applications to sensor strategies, always aiming to detect a wide variety of analytes with high selectivity, sensitivity, user-friendliness, and low cost. This review provides an overview of electroanalytical techniques such as CV, DPV, EIS, and amperometry and their latest applications in analyte determination. The development of next-generation strategies using electroanalytical techniques, including glucose sensors, biosensors, nanosensors, and wearable sensors, is discussed. The commercialization of highly advantageous sensor devices in biomedical, clinical, and environmental applications is a significant milestone in electroanalytical applications.