4.6 Article

Is the use of performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs) in women an issue of concern? The findings from a stakeholder consultation

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Substance Abuse

Gendered perspectives on women's anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) usage practices

Tim Piatkowski et al.

Summary: This study gathered perspectives from both men and women on the unique challenges surrounding women's use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), and investigated how women's AAS practices differ from those of men. It found that women predominantly choose oral AAS and the use of injectable AAS result in drastic physical and psychological changes.

HARM REDUCTION JOURNAL (2023)

Article Substance Abuse

Investigating the capacity of Australian drug information systems to detect changes in anabolic-androgenic steroid use and harms

Matthew Dunn et al.

Summary: The objective of this study was to explore the capability of drug information and surveillance systems to detect and monitor trends in steroid use in Australia. Six surveys were identified, but none of them are able to effectively detect an increase in steroid use. The Australian Needle and Syringe Programme Survey, which is not specifically designed for this purpose, appears to be the best at capturing potential changes in steroid use.

PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT & HEALTH (2023)

Article Sport Sciences

Recreational Athletes' Use of Performance-Enhancing Substances: Results from the First European Randomized Response Technique Survey

Ask Vest Christiansen et al.

Summary: The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of doping and over-the-counter medicine use for performance enhancement among recreational athletes in eight European countries. The results showed that the prevalence of over-the-counter medication use was 10.4% and doping prevalence was 1.6%. The use of doping was higher among male athletes than female athletes. There were also differences in doping prevalence among different categories of sports, with the highest prevalence found in the "Games" category.

SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN (2023)

Article Clinical Neurology

Anabolic androgenic steroids used as performance and image enhancing drugs in professional and amateur athletes: Toxicological and psychopathological findings

Daria Piacentino et al.

Summary: The use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) as performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs) is expanding to amateurs and regular gym visitors, not just professional athletes. AAS use is associated with psychopathology, with factors like more sport hours/week, personality disorders, and impulsiveness predicting AAS usage. Harm reduction interventions for AAS users should consider disagreements between assessment methods and focus on variables such as personality disorders for future understanding of risks.

HUMAN PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL (2022)

Article Psychology, Multidisciplinary

The relationship between psychosocial variables and drive for muscularity among male bodybuilding supplement users

Timothy M. Piatkowski et al.

Summary: This research examines the pathways through which social influences contribute to a high drive for muscularity in young men. The results show that social media and peer pressure are directly associated with muscularity pursuits, while self-esteem and perception of body by others have both direct and indirect associations with muscularity driven by social influences.

AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST (2022)

Article Substance Abuse

Understanding harm reduction perspectives of performance and image enhancing drug consumers and health care providers

Timothy M. Piatkowski et al.

Summary: This study explored harm reduction frameworks for PIED consumers in Australia, revealing a demand for PIED education among HCPs, perceived as a therapeutic barrier by consumers, and a safe space dynamic among peer-consumers. Enhancing harm reduction frameworks requires strengthening peer-led education programs.

PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT & HEALTH (2022)

Article Communication

Challenging Hegemony Through Narrative: Centering Women's Experiences and Establishing a Sis-Science Culture Through a Women-Only Doping Forum

Jesper Andreasson et al.

Summary: This article explores a women-only online IPED forum and highlights how women share first-hand knowledge and challenge hegemonic masculinity within this space. The results show the foundation of a women's ethnopharmacological culture and the importance of centering women's experiences, bodies, and expertise. The secluded space allows women to challenge male dominance and reinforces the value of women's knowledge and experiences.

COMMUNICATION & SPORT (2022)

Article Criminology & Penology

'Bali over the Counter': Exploring the Overseas Use and Acquisition of Anabolic-androgenic Steroids

Matthew Dunn et al.

Summary: This study explores the phenomenon of individuals traveling to foreign countries to have greater access to performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs). The study analyzes discussions in bodybuilding, fitness, and PIED forums and identifies two main themes: product purchasing and logistics. The results suggest that individuals are motivated by perceptions of legality, purity, and risk, and may travel to low- or middle-income countries where the drugs are believed to be cheaper, more readily accessible, or of better quality, leading to potential legal and health risks.

DEVIANT BEHAVIOR (2022)

Review Engineering, Environmental

Performance- and image-enhancing drug use in the community: use prevalence, user demographics and the potential role of wastewater-based epidemiology

Katja M. Shimko et al.

Summary: Wastewater-based epidemiology can be used to assess and monitor drug consumption in the community, potentially serving as a complementary method for monitoring PIED use and aiding public health authorities in developing targeted prevention and education programs.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2021)

Review Sport Sciences

Doping Prevalence in Competitive Sport: Evidence Synthesis with Best Practice Recommendations and Reporting Guidelines from the WADA Working Group on Doping Prevalence

John Gleaves et al.

Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of 105 studies and found that the prevalence of doping in competitive sports mainly ranged below 5%. While the studies included a wide range of athlete types, inconsistencies in data reporting hindered meta-analysis for different sports, genders, regions, or competition levels. The study also found that both the quality and quantity of evidence on doping prevalence in published studies are increasing in recent years.

SPORTS MEDICINE (2021)

Review Substance Abuse

The intersection of gender and drug use-related stigma: A mixed methods systematic review and synthesis of the literature

S. A. Meyers et al.

Summary: Research indicates that the quantitative literature is uncertain about the impact of gender on drug use-related stigma, while the qualitative literature shows that women who use drugs are more likely to experience stigma.

DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE (2021)

Article Substance Abuse

Anabolic-androgenic steroid use among women-A qualitative study on experiences of masculinizing, gonadal and sexual effects

Ingrid Amalia Havnes et al.

Summary: This study explored how women with current or previous anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) use experience and process masculinizing effects. The majority of women were introduced to AAS and advised on usage by a trusted male partner, friend, or coach. Most were unprepared for unwanted masculinizing effects, some of which they found outweighed the desired effects.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY (2021)

Article Communication

Yay, Another Lady Starting a Log!: Women's Fitness Doping and the Gendered Space of an Online Doping Forum

April Henning et al.

Summary: The study reveals that while women's online forum provide a space for sharing experiences, it is often dominated by men's voices, hindering the development of a women's community of practice.

COMMUNICATION & SPORT (2021)

Article Psychology, Multidisciplinary

Australia's Adonis: Understanding what motivates young men's lifestyle choices for enhancing their appearance

Timothy M. Piatkowski et al.

AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST (2020)

Article Cell Biology

History and epidemiology of anabolic androgens in athletes and non-athletes

Gen Kanayama et al.

MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY (2018)

Article Substance Abuse

Recruitment to doping and help-seeking behavior of eight female AAS users

Annica Borjesson et al.

SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT PREVENTION AND POLICY (2016)

Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The global epidemiology of anabolic-androgenic steroid use: a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis

Dominic Sagoe et al.

ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY (2014)

Article Substance Abuse

Steroid users and the unique challenge they pose to needle and syringe program workers

Matthew Dunn et al.

DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW (2014)

Article Orthopedics

Women and Anabolic Steroids: An Analysis of a Dozen Users

Eric J. Ip et al.

CLINICAL JOURNAL OF SPORT MEDICINE (2010)

Article Substance Abuse

Drug testing in sport: The attitudes and experiences of elite athletes

Matthew Dunn et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY (2010)

Article Sport Sciences

Anabolic androgenic steroids: A survey of 500 users

AB Parkinson et al.

MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE (2006)

Article Psychiatry

Psychiatric and medical effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid use in women

AJ Gruber et al.

PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS (2000)