A Guide to MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry for Tissues

Imaging mass spectrometry is a well-established technology that can easily and succinctly communicate the spatial localization of molecules within samples. This review communicates the recent advances in the field, with a specific focus on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) applied on tissues. The general sample preparation strategies for different analyte classes are explored, including special considerations for sample types (fresh frozen or formalin-fixed,) strategies for various analytes (lipids, metabolites, proteins, peptides, and glycans) and how multimodal imaging strategies can leverage the strengths of each approach is mentioned. This work explores appropriate experimental design approaches and standardization of processes needed for successful studies, as well as the various data analysis platforms available to analyze data and their strengths. The review concludes with applications of imaging mass spectrometry in various fields, with a focus on medical research, and some examples from plant biology and microbe metabolism are mentioned, to illustrate the breadth and depth of MALDI IMS.

Automated summary

This review discusses recent advances in imaging mass spectrometry, specifically matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) applied on tissues. It explores sample preparation strategies, considerations for different analyte classes, and the use of multimodal imaging strategies. The review also examines experimental design approaches, standardization of processes, and data analysis platforms. It concludes with applications of imaging mass spectrometry in various fields, with a focus on medical research.