Journal
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
Volume 34, Issue 2, Pages 262-281Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw242
Keywords
coalescence; fruit evolution; molecular clock; nuclear phylogeny; Rosaceae; genome duplication
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China from State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering at Fudan University [91531301, 31670209]
- National Top Talent Undergraduate Training Program
- Wangdao Program for undergraduate research at Fudan
- Division Of Environmental Biology
- Direct For Biological Sciences [1542841] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Fruits are the defining feature of angiosperms, likely have contributed to angiosperm successes by protecting and dispersing seeds, and provide foods to humans and other animals, with many morphological types and important ecological and agricultural implications. Rosaceae is a family with similar to 3000 species and an extraordinary spectrum of distinct fruits, including fleshy peach, apple, and strawberry prized by their consumers, as well as dry achenetum and follicetum with features facilitating seed dispersal, excellent for studying fruit evolution. To address Rosaceae fruit evolution and other questions, we generated 125 new transcriptomic and genomic datasets and identified hundreds of nuclear genes to reconstruct a well-resolved Rosaceae phylogeny with highly supported monophyly of all subfamilies and tribes. Molecular clock analysis revealed an estimated age of similar to 101.6Ma for crown Rosaceae and divergence times of tribes and genera, providing a geological and climate context for fruit evolution. Phylogenomic analysis yielded strong evidence for numerous whole genome duplications (WGDs), supporting the hypothesis that the apple tribe had a WGD and revealing another one shared by fleshy fruit-bearing members of this tribe, with moderate support for WGDs in the peach tribe and other groups. Ancestral character reconstruction for fruit types supports independent origins of fleshy fruits from dry-fruit ancestors, including the evolution of drupes (e.g., peach) and pomes (e.g., apple) from follicetum, and drupetum (raspberry and blackberry) from achenetum. We propose that WGDs and environmental factors, including animals, contributed to the evolution of the many fruits in Rosaceae, which provide a foundation for understanding fruit evolution.
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