Methods of determining the degree of crystallinity of polymers with X-ray diffraction: a review

In this study, the methods developed to determine the degree of crystallinity of polymers by X-ray diffraction (XRD) until the date which this study was done were investigated in chronological order. With this study, the concept of degree of crystallinity has been proposed instead of many concepts used to express the crystallinity of polymers. All figures related to the methods had been redrawn. By using the same symbol for the same concept, the formulas used in the methods have been updated and the methods have been made more understandable for application in new studies. Besides, the crystallinity values obtained in the studies in which the methods were developed were given in tables. Finally, the applications in other studies of the methods were investigated.

Automated summary

This study investigates the chronological development of X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods for determining the degree of crystallinity of polymers. It proposes a new concept of degree of crystallinity and redraws all related figures. The formulas used in the methods have been updated for better understanding and application in new studies. The study also provides crystallinity values obtained in previous research and examines the applications of these methods in other studies.