Green synthesis of the ZnO/ZSM-5 composite by using Convolvulus persicus extract: As an efficient and reusable catalyst in the Biginelli reaction

The active catalytic materials in stable inorganic supports are increasingly developing for the creation of ultrastable catalysts with excellent performance. Here, the ZnO was supported on the surface of ZSM-5-type zeolite using Convolvulus persicus extract as a mild, efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly approach. The structure of the synthesized nanocatalyst was characterized using different techniques including UV, FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDS/Map, TGA, BET, and ICP-OES. The application of the ZnO/ZSM-5 as a catalyst was investigated in the Biginelli reaction between urea/thiourea, ethyl acetoacetate, and various aldehydes. Based on the results, ZnO/ ZSM-5 exhibited good catalytic behavior, and the products were produced in excellent yields (90-95 %) in EtOH. This catalyst has notable benefits such as easy recovery and reusability (at least for five consecutive runs), simple work-up, and high product yields.

Automated summary

Zinc oxide was supported on the surface of ZSM-5 zeolite using the extract of Convolvulus persicus to create a stable nanocatalyst, ZnO/ZSM-5. The catalyst exhibited good catalytic behavior in the Biginelli reaction, producing high yields of products and allowing for easy recovery and reusability.