Titanate nanotubes modified with gallium and cerium and their cytotoxic activity

Sodium titanate nanotubes (NaTiNT) were synthesized using the hydrothermal method; subsequently, ion exchange reactions were carried out on the ions of Na+ present in the lamellar spaces of nanotubes by the intercalation of Ga3+ and/or Ce4+ and/or, revealing the presence of phases like: a-GaOOH and CeO2, probably decorating the surface of the nanotubes showing a complex heterostructure. As far as we know, these are the first titanate nanotubes intercalated with these two ions, gallium, and cerium, reported in the literature. Ion exchange processes preserved the original tubular structure of titanate nanotubes with relevant changes in their surface and interlamellar environment. It is known by the researchers that titanate nanotubes have low toxicity and acceptable biocompatibility. Here, we show that the insertion of Ce4+ and/or Ga3+ in titanate nanotubes increased its cytotoxic activity in melanoma cells, indicating that these hybrid nanomaterials are promising in future for health applications.

Automated summary

Sodium titanate nanotubes (NaTiNT) were synthesized and intercalated with gallium and/or cerium ions, forming a complex heterostructure. These hybrid nanomaterials showed increased cytotoxic activity in melanoma cells, indicating their potential in health applications. The ion exchange reactions preserved the original tubular structure of the nanotubes but resulted in significant changes in their surface and interlamellar environment.