Journal
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
Volume 95, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29115
Keywords
cellular immunity; cross-reactivity; humoral immunity; N protein; nanoparticle vaccine; SARS-CoV-2
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This study developed a SARS-CoV-2 N-Ferritin nanoparticle vaccine by fusing the SARS-CoV-2 N protein with Helicobacter pylori nonheme ferritin. The N-Ferritin nanoparticles induced a stronger immune response in mice compared to the monomer N protein, resulting in more antibodies and better cross-reactivity.
As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutates continually, the current vaccines are unable to provide sufficient protection. It is important to develop a broad-spectrum vaccine with conserved antigens to prevent variant infection. Here we fused the SARS-CoV-2 N protein with Helicobacter pylori nonheme ferritin to construct a SARS-CoV-2 N-Ferritin nanoparticle vaccine. Compared with the monomer N protein, the N-Ferritin nanoparticles induced more lymph node dendritic cells in mice to trigger adoptive immunity. Following this, the N-Ferritin elicited more robust and long-lasting antibody responses, which had better cross-reactivity with the SARS-CoV N protein. It is also worth noting that higher levels of N-specific IgG and IgA were distributed in the lungs of N-Ferritin-immunized mice. Furthermore, the N-Ferritin nanoparticles also resulted higher proportion of interferon-gamma+ CD8+ T cells, CD8+ Tcm cells, and T cells with cross-reactivity in SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus. The conserved N-based nanoparticles could provide a promising vaccine developing strategy against SARS-CoV-2 variants and other coronaviruses.
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