Journal
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 41, Issue 20, Pages 6563-6570Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2023.3287392
Keywords
Fiber gratings; Couplings; Claddings; Optical fiber theory; Optical fiber devices; Reflection; Gratings; Acoustic flexural wave; acousto-optical modu- lator; FBG; vector mode
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This study deduces the acoustically-induced refractive index distribution of a fiber Bragg grating, investigates the mechanism of forming acoustically-induced reflection peaks, and confirms the two-step and three-step processes through experimental validation. The results are significant for the design and application of fiber-optic devices based on acoustic-optic interactions.
Flexural acoustic waves can induce optical reflection peaks on one side of the Bragg wavelength in the reflection spectrum of a fiber Bragg grating, thus laying a cornerstone of active acoustic-optic fiber devices. The acoustically-induced refractive index distribution of FBG is deduced. The mechanism of forming acoustically-induced reflection peaks is investigated using mode coupling theory in vector mode presentation. A precise picture is depicted with the selection rules for mode coupling and observation of phase matching, such that the two-step and the three-step processes for acoustically-induced reflection peaks are identified with experimental confirmation. While the three-step coupling theory is discovered, our theoretical framework also refines the former scalar-mode two-step coupling theory. Empowering the theoretical prediction to perfectly match experiment, this work will facilitate the design and application of novel active fiber-optic devices based on acoustic-optic interactions.
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