Journal
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 41, Issue 17, Pages 5557-5563Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2023.3264927
Keywords
Optical communication; multidimensional modulation format; geometric shaping; lattice; Voronoi constellations
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In this article, a low-complexity geometric shaping method based on multidimensional lattices is investigated both in experiments and simulations. The modulation formats designed based on this method are called Voronoi constellations (VCs) and we study them in 8, 16, and 32 dimensions. We obtain transmission reach improvements of up to 22% and 70% for VCs compared to 4 QAM and 16 QAM, respectively, in nonlinear long-haul fiber transmission. Furthermore, the mutual information and generalized mutual information are estimated and compared to QAM formats at the same spectral efficiencies.
Multidimensional geometric shaping has been shown to outperform uniform quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) in optical communication systems but the complexity of symbol decision and bit mapping can often be significant as dimensionality increases. In this article, a low-complexity geometric shaping method based on multidimensional lattices is investigated both in experiments and simulations. The modulation formats designed based on this method are called Voronoi constellations (VCs) and we study them in 8, 16, and 32 dimensions. We obtain transmission reach improvements of up to 22 and 70% for VCs compared to 4 QAM and 16 QAM, respectively, in nonlinear long-haul fiber transmission. Moreover, we compare different physical realizations of multidimensional VCs over wavelengths, polarizations, and time slots in both the Gaussian and nonlinear fiber channels. We demonstrate that different physical realizations perform similarly in the fiber-optic back-to-back channel. However, in long-haul transmission systems, spreading the dimensions over time slots can increase the transmission reach up to 4% compared to wavelengths and polarizations. Furthermore, the mutual information and generalized mutual information are estimated and compared to QAM formats at the same spectral efficiencies.
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