Metrics and Considerations for Evaluating How Forest Treatments Alter Wildfire Behavior and Effects

The influence of forest treatments on wildfire effects is challenging to interpret. This is, in part, because the impact forest treatments have on wildfire can be slight and variable across many factors. Effectiveness of a treatment also depends on the metric considered. We present and define human-fire interaction, fire behavior, and ecological metrics of forest treatment effects on wildfire and discuss important considerations and recommendations for evaluating treatments. We demonstrate these concepts using a case study from the Cameron Peak Fire in Colorado, USA. Pre-fire forest treatments generally, but not always, experienced reduced burn severity, particularly when surface fuels were reduced. Treatments in the Cameron Peak Fire have also been documented as increasing tree survivorship, aiding suppression efforts, promoting firefighter safety, and influencing fire spread. However, the impacts of pre-fire management on primary landscape-scale objectives, like watershed protection, are unknown. Discussions about the influence of pre-fire treatments on fire effects must define the indicator(s) being assessed, as the same treatment may be considered successful under one measure but not others. Thus, it is critical to bring a common language and understanding to conversations about treatment effects and advance efforts to evaluate the range of treatment effects, thus supporting treatment planning.

Automated summary

The influence of forest treatments on wildfire effects is complex and variable. Pre-fire forest treatments can reduce burn severity and increase tree survivorship, aiding in fire suppression efforts and promoting firefighter safety. However, their impact on primary landscape-scale objectives, such as watershed protection, is still unknown. Discussions about treatment effects should define the indicators being assessed, as one treatment may be considered successful under one measure but not others. A common language and understanding are needed to advance efforts in evaluating and planning forest treatments.