The prevalence and concentration of ochratoxin A in green coffee-based products: A worldwide systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment

Several studies have been conducted regarding the concentration and prevalence of mycotoxins particularly ochratoxin A (OTA) in coffee product, mainly due to the adverse health effects of mycotoxins on human health. In the current study, the prevalence and level of ochratoxin A (OTA) in green coffee products were meta-analyzed and associated health risks were estimated. In order to retrieve related citations, a search was conducted among PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases covering published literature from 20 January 2010 to 25 June 2022. The minimum and maximum prevalence of OTA was noted in Thailand (0.00 %) and Morocco (75.00 %), respectively, while the total prevalence of OTA was estimated as 38.35% (95 %CI: 24.77-52.77 %). According to findings, the minimum and maximum concentrations of OTA were reported in Brazil (0.30 & mu;g/kg) and the Philippines (99.74 & mu;g/kg), respectively, while the total concentration of OTA in green coffee was calculated as 3.60 & mu;g/kg (95 %CI: 3.23-3.97 & mu;g/kg). The minimum and maximum margin of exposure (MOEs) were observed in the United States (29,270) and Iran (432,590,398), respectively. The calculated MOEs for the consumers of green coffee were > 10,000 demonstrating safeguard for the consumers of green coffee considering the related health risks.

Automated summary

This study conducted a meta-analysis on the prevalence and concentration of ochratoxin A (OTA) in green coffee products, and estimated the associated health risks. A search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases to retrieve relevant literature from January 20, 2010, to June 25, 2022. The minimum and maximum prevalence of OTA were observed in Thailand (0.00%) and Morocco (75.00%), respectively, with an estimated total prevalence of 38.35% (95%CI: 24.77-52.77%). The minimum and maximum concentrations of OTA were reported in Brazil (0.30 μg/kg) and the Philippines (99.74 μg/kg), respectively, while the total concentration of OTA in green coffee was calculated as 3.60 μg/kg (95%CI: 3.23-3.97 μg/kg). The minimum and maximum margin of exposure (MOEs) were observed in the United States (29,270) and Iran (432,590,398), respectively. The calculated MOEs for the consumers of green coffee were > 10,000, indicating a safeguard for consumers in terms of related health risks.