Cell wall dynamics: novel tools and research questions

This review offers a comprehensive guide to the latest techniques for understanding the dynamic, active, and diverse nature of plant cell walls, highlighting non-invasive and live-imaging strategies. Years ago, a classic textbook would define plant cell walls based on passive features. For instance, a sort of plant exoskeleton of invariable polysaccharide composition, and probably painted in green. However, currently, this view has been expanded to consider plant cell walls as active, heterogeneous, and dynamic structures with a high degree of complexity. However, what do we mean when we refer to a cell wall as a dynamic structure? How can we investigate the different implications of this dynamism? While the first question has been the subject of several recent publications, defining the ideal strategies and tools needed to address the second question has proven to be challenging due to the myriad of techniques available. In this review, we will describe the capacities of several methodologies to study cell wall composition, structure, and other aspects developed or optimized in recent years. Keeping in mind cell wall dynamism and plasticity, the advantages of performing long-term non-invasive live-imaging methods will be emphasized. We specifically focus on techniques developed for Arabidopsis thaliana primary cell walls, but the techniques could be applied to both secondary cell walls and other plant species. We believe this toolset will help researchers in expanding knowledge of these dynamic/evolving structures.

Automated summary

This review provides a comprehensive guide to the latest techniques for understanding the dynamic and diverse nature of plant cell walls, emphasizing non-invasive and live-imaging strategies. The capacities of several methodologies to study cell wall composition, structure, and other aspects, developed or optimized in recent years, are described. The techniques discussed focus on Arabidopsis thaliana primary cell walls, but they can be applied to secondary cell walls and other plant species as well.