Co-application of chitooligosaccharides and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi reduced greenhouse gas fluxes in saline soil by improving the rhizosphere microecology of soybean

Soil salinization can affect the ecological environment of soil and alter greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Chitooligosaccharides and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) reduced the GHG fluxes of salinized soil, and this reduction was attributed to an alteration in the rhizosphere microecology, including changes in the activities of & beta;-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-& beta;-D-glucosidase, and Leucine aminopeptidase. Additionally, certain bacteria species such as paracoccus, ensifer, microvirga, and paracyclodium were highly correlated with GHG emissions. Another interesting finding is that foliar spraying of chitooligosaccharides could transport to the soybean root system, and improve soybean tolerance to salt stress. This is achieved by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and the changes in amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and membrane transport. Importantly, the Co-application of chitooligosaccharides and Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi was found to have a greater effect compared to their application alone.

Automated summary

Soil salinization affects soil ecology and greenhouse gas emissions. Chitooligosaccharides and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can reduce GHG fluxes in salinized soil by altering rhizosphere microecology. Certain bacterial species are highly correlated with GHG emissions, and foliar spraying of chitooligosaccharides enhances soybean tolerance to salt stress. The co-application of chitooligosaccharides and Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi has a greater effect than their individual application.