Developmental pathways in youth anxiety disorders: potential mechanisms for (mal)adapting to crises and improving treatment - a commentary on Klein et al. (2023)

Review Psychology, Developmental

Annual Research Review: The impact of Covid-19 on psychopathology in children and young people worldwide: systematic review of studies with pre- and within-pandemic data

Tamsin Newlove-Delgado et al.

Summary: The high volume and pace of research on the impact of the pandemic on children and young people's mental health have resulted in inconsistent findings. There is a need for a more harmonized approach to research in this field. While some measures suggested a slight deterioration, overall, the results were mixed with no clear pattern emerging.

JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY (2023)

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Article Psychology, Developmental

Anxiety symptom trajectories from treatment to 5-to 12-year follow-up across childhood and adolescence

Sunhye Bai et al.

Summary: This study examined the long-term symptom trajectories of youth with anxiety disorders who received evidence-based intervention. Three trajectories of anxiety were identified: short-term responders, durable responders, and delayed remitters. The study highlighted the importance of long-term management for sustained treatment gains and the need for further research on developmental transitions and changing social environments.

JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY (2023)

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Article Psychology, Developmental

Enhanced late positive potential to conditioned threat cue during delayed extinction in anxious youth

Zohar Klein et al.

Summary: This study compared threat learning among anxious and non-anxious youth and found that anxious youth had elevated cognitive and physiological responses, greater threat generalization, and aberrant neural response during delayed extinction, which were associated with poorer treatment outcomes.

JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY (2023)

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Article Psychology, Clinical

Optimizing exposure therapy with an inhibitory retrieval approach and the OptEx Nexus

Michelle G. Craske et al.

Summary: Recent research has emphasized the distinction between excitatory and inhibitory Pavlovian learning mechanisms, with inhibitory learning and retrieval being the primary mechanism in state-of-the-art exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. This article updates the model of exposure therapy from an inhibitory learning approach to an inhibitory retrieval approach, providing guidance on the use of the OptEx Nexus tool for clinicians. It also discusses various exposure strategies and alternative models/approaches to exposure therapy.

BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY (2022)

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Article Psychology, Developmental

Developmental aspects of fear generalization-A MEG study on neurocognitive correlates in adolescents versus adults

Kati Roesmann et al.

Summary: This study aims to investigate the neuro-developmental aspects of fear generalization in adolescence. The results showed that healthy adolescents exhibited similar fear generalization gradients to healthy adults in fear ratings, pupil dilation, and estimated neural source activity. However, adolescents displayed shallower generalization gradients in fear expectancy ratings and stronger visual cortical activity after conditioning.

DEVELOPMENTAL COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE (2022)

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Article Psychology, Developmental