Room temperature multiferroicity of hexagonal LuFeO3 and its enhancement by co-doping in Lu0.9Co0.1Fe0.9Ti0.1O3 nanoparticle system

Antiferromagnetic LuFeO3 can be good multiferroic by having ferroelectricity in its non-centrosymmetric hexagonal phase. But, it is hard to stabilize this metastable phase, preventing the stable orthorhombic phase. In this work, metastable hexagonal LuFeO3 (LFO) nanoparticle was stabilized in chemical sol-gel route in pure phase and co-doped with Co and Ti in the same route to synthesize Lu0.9Co0.1Fe0.9Ti0.1O3 (LCFTO) nanoparticles. Room temperature multiferroicity of bare LFO was established through relevant characterization. And motive behind the co-doping is to enhance the magnetoelectric behavior of the bare system to synthesize a new monophasic type II magnetoelectric multiferroic. Structural investigation by thorough Rietveld analyses of the recorded X-ray diffractograms, confirmed the formation of pure hex-agonal (P63cm) phase of both bare and doped LFO. However, deviations in various structural & micro -structural parameters were observed in the doped system, which is mainly responsible for the enhancement of magnetic and electric properties of the sample. Presence of antiferromagnetic transition at similar to 604 K confirmed the room temperature magnetic ordering of bare LFO. Interestingly, LCFTO shows a drastic enhancement of magnetic property than the bare one in all concerns, where the maximum mag-netization at the maximum applied field is enhanced by nearly 36 times at room temperature. Detailed high-temperature dielectric investigation shows, good dielectric strength (similar to 261) of LFO gets enhanced highly in LCFTO (similar to 1053) and a high relaxation time having negligible loss factor with an indication of ferro to paraelectric transition above room temperature. Current density vs. electric field (J-E) curve suggests the presence of polarization at room temperature with negligible leakage loss. Direct measurement of ferro-electric loop shows the ferroelectricity (Pmax similar to 0.06 4 mu c/cm2) of bare LFO at room temperature and a well improvement in the doped LCFTO (Pmax similar to 0.151 mu c/cm2). The presence of room temperature magnetoelectric coupling, confirmed by magnetocapacitance measurements, results in a high value (similar to 5 %) of magnetoca-pacitance in the doped system which is also much higher than the bare one (< similar to 1 %) as expected. All these properties confirm the magnetoelectric multiferroicity of bare h-LuFeO3 at room temperature. And, co -doping in hexagonal LuFeO3 nanoparticle system results in a considerable improvement in its magneto -electric behavior, so this co-doped system can be a promising and potential magnetoelectric multiferroic for the future generation magnetoelectric devices. (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Automated summary

In this work, metastable hexagonal LuFeO3 (LFO) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized in a pure phase and co-doped with Co and Ti to enhance its magnetoelectric behavior. The structural analysis confirmed the formation of the desired hexagonal phase in both bare and doped LFO. The doped LCFTO showed a remarkable enhancement in magnetic and electric properties compared to the bare LFO, making it a promising magnetoelectric multiferroic material for future applications.