4.7 Article

NMR Spectroscopic Identification of Urolithin G, a Novel Trihydroxy Urolithin Produced by Human Intestinal Enterocloster Species

Journal

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 71, Issue 31, Pages 11921-11928

Publisher

AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01675

Keywords

ellagitannin metabolism; ellagic acid; gutmicrobiota; urolithins; H-1 NMR; C-13 NMR; HSQC; urolithin G

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A novel urolithin G was identified and characterized from urolithin D by in vitro incubation with different human gut Enterocloster species. Urolithin G was found in the feces of overweight and obese volunteers after consuming an ellagitannin-rich pomegranate extract. The production of urolithin G required a bacterial 9-dehydroxylase activity and was not specific to the known human urolithin metabotypes A and B.
Urolithins are gutmicrobiota metabolites of ellagic acid. Here,we have identified and chemically characterized a novel urolithinproduced from urolithin D (3,4,8,9-tetrahydroxy urolithin) by in vitroincubation with different human gut Enterocloster species under anaerobic conditions. Urolithin G (3,4,8-trihydroxyurolithin) was identified by H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR,UV, HRMS, and 2D NMR. For the identification, NMR spectra of otherknown urolithins were also recorded and compared. Urolithin G waspresent in the feces of 12% of volunteers in an overweight-obese groupafter consuming an ellagitannin-rich pomegranate extract. The productionof urolithin G required a bacterial 9-dehydroxylase activity and wasnot specific to the known human urolithin metabotypes A and B. Theability to produce urolithin G could be considered an additional metabolicfeature for volunteer stratification and bioactivity studies. Thisis the first urolithin with a catechol group in ring A while havingonly one hydroxyl in ring B, a unique feature not found in human andanimal samples so far.

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