Amelioration Effects and Regulatory Mechanisms of Different Tea Active Ingredients on DSS-Induced Colitis

The potential biological function of tea and its active components on colitis has attracted wide attention. In this study, different tea active ingredients including tea polyphenols (TPPs), tea polysaccharides (TPSs), theabrownin (TB), and theanine (TA) have been compared in the intervention of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Specifically, TPP showed the greatest effect on colitis since it reduced 60.87% of disease activity index (DAI) compared to that of the DSS-induced colitis group, followed by the reduction of 39.13% of TPS and 28.26% of TB on DAI, whereas there was no obvious alleviative effect of TA on colitis. TPP, TPS, and TB could regulate the composition and abundance of gut microbiota to increase the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and enhance intestinal barrier function. Further evidence was observed that TPP and TPS regulated the activation of Nrf2/ARE and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappa B P65 pathway to alleviate the colitis. Results of cell experiments demonstrated that TPP showed the greatest antiapoptosis and mitochondrial function protective capability among the tea ingredients via inhibiting the Cytc/Cleaved-caspase-3 signaling pathway. In summary, the superior anticolitis activity of TPP compared to TPS and TB is primarily attributed to its unique upregulation of the abundance of Akkermansia and its ability to regulate the mitochondrial function.

Automated summary

The potential biological function of tea and its active components on colitis has attracted attention. In this study, the effects of different tea active ingredients on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice were compared. Tea polyphenols (TPPs) showed the greatest effect on colitis, followed by tea polysaccharides (TPS) and theabrownin (TB), while theanine (TA) had no obvious alleviative effect. TPP, TPS, and TB regulated gut microbiota, increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and enhanced intestinal barrier function. TPP and TPS also regulated the activation of Nrf2/ARE and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappa B P65 pathway to alleviate colitis. Additionally, TPP demonstrated the greatest antiapoptosis and mitochondrial function protective capability among the tea ingredients.