Dimensions of Physical Activity Are Important in Managing Anxiety in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Physical activity (PA) is a known approach for managing anxiety symptoms in older adults. This systematic review and meta-analysis address the benefits of PA and its dimensions (frequency, session time, type, and intervention period) on anxiety symptoms in older adults aged 65 years and above. Searches covered eight databases reporting eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and five non-RCTs. Meta-analysis of RCTs (standardized mean difference = -0.41; 95% confidence interval [-0.58, -0.24]; p < .00001) and Fisher's method of combining p values for non-RCTs supported the effectiveness of PA for managing anxiety symptoms in older adults. Subgroup analysis revealed significant effects for all PA types, session times, frequency, and intervention periods compared with control groups, albeit with different magnitudes of effect. In conclusion, although some dimensions of PA contribute to its effectiveness for anxiety, PA intensity and mode required to maximize PA effects remain unclear.

Automated summary

This systematic review and meta-analysis explore the benefits of physical activity (PA) on anxiety symptoms in older adults aged 65 years and above. The study found that PA is effective in managing anxiety symptoms, supported by both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs. Subgroup analysis showed significant effects for all types, session times, frequency, and intervention periods of PA compared to control groups, but the optimal intensity and mode of PA remain unclear.