4.7 Review

Weight changes in adults with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Journal

JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
Volume 332, Issue -, Pages 1-8

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.050

Keywords

Major depressive disorder; Weight -change; Obesity incidence; MDD subphenotypes

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This study aimed to estimate the adjusted effect of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) on weight change. Based on the analysis of 8 studies, it was found that individuals with MDD experienced greater weight change and had a higher likelihood of developing obesity. These findings highlight the importance of weight tracking and management in clinical settings for individuals with MDD.
Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and obesity are bidirectionally related, but the amount of weightgain secondary to MDD is unknown. We aimed to estimate the adjusted effect of MDD on weight-change in prospective studies compared to individuals without MDD.Methods: Scopus/MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Web of Science and Cochrane were systematically searched for prospective observational studies of participants with a diagnosis of MDD. We included studies that conducted regression analyses on weight-variables. We searched for weight-variables reported at baseline, follow-up, and regression analyses. A meta-analysis of the odds ratios reported in logistic regression models was performed using the generic inverse weight variance method.Results: Eight studies were included with a total of 60,443 subjects; 56.8 % with MDD. Weight-variables included weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, and obesity incidence. In three follow-up reports, weight-variables increased more in participants with MDD and its subphenotypes than in control subjects, except for one MDD subphenotype. Meta-analysis of three eligible studies (n = 21,935) showed a significantly greater likelihood of incident obesity in participants with MDD (OR:1.48, 95%CI 1.03-2.13). MDD subphenotype reports might suggest a greater risk for atypical MDD. Limitations: Heterogeneity in weight related variables, follow-ups, and regression models; scarcity of follow-up data; and limited studies eligible for meta-analysis.Conclusions: Despite previous associations between MDD and obesity, current prospective evidence on MDD related weight-change is scarce and heterogeneous. Our findings suggest a need to standardize weight-change assessment in MDD trials. Moreover, careful weight tracking and management should be incorporated in clinical settings. PROSPERO registration CRD42020214427.

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