Urban 3D spatial thermal environment simulation and comparative analysis of Chinese ancient/modern typical garden based on CFD

Gardens plays an important role in mitigating effects on the wind-heat environment, and their scientific planning and layout are of great significance to the improvement of the urban ecological environment and the local microclimate of the city. However, there are few studies of quantitative analysis of the impact of landscaping and their layouts on the urban wind-heat environment. Therefore, taking Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden, Beijing Summer Palace, Suzhou Jingsi Garden and Beijing Taoranting Park as study area, we carried out a study of 3D spatial wind and thermal environment simulation of classical gardens and modern gardens based on high-resolution remote sensing and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The mitigating effects including cooling intensity and the maximum mitigation distance are calculated. By analysing the overall of mitigating effects of classical/modern gardens on the surrounding thermal environment, we found that, compared with the shape index, the water area and the area of green planting are the main factors affecting the wind and heat environment.Comparing the quantitative simulation results, it was found that the maximum cooling value of the Summer Palace was 2 & DEG;C higher than that of Taoranting Park by 1 & DEG;C. The cooling distance in the downwind direction of the Summer Palace is as high as 1 km, which is 800m longer than that of Taoranting Park. Comparing the influence of the spatial layout differences of modern gardens, the results show that the cooling effect of Taoranting Park in Beijing is better than that of Jingsi Garden in the south. The maximum cooling value of the Jingsi Garden is only 0.2 & DEG;C, and the cooling distance in the downwind direction is 200m.

Automated summary

This study analyzed the impact of classical gardens and modern gardens on the urban wind-heat environment, using high-resolution remote sensing and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for 3D spatial wind and thermal environment simulation. The results showed that water area and green planting area are the main factors affecting the wind and heat environment. The Summer Palace had a higher cooling value and longer cooling distance compared to Taoranting Park, while Jingsi Garden had the lowest cooling effect.