Advancements in acoustic drug delivery for paranasal sinuses: A comprehensive review

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) impacts patients' quality of life and healthcare costs. Traditional methods of drug delivery, such as nasal sprays and irrigation, have limited effectiveness. Acoustic Drug Delivery (ADD) using a nebulizer offers targeted delivery of drug to the sinuses, which may improve the treatment of CRS. This review examines the influence of aerosol particle characteristics, aero-acoustic parameters, inlet flow conditions, and acoustic waves on sinus drug delivery. Key findings reveal that smaller particles improve the ADD efficiency, whereas larger sizes or increased density impair it. The oscillation amplitude of the air plug in the ostium is crucial for the ADD efficiency. Introducing acoustic waves at the NC-sinus system's resonance frequency improves aerosol deposition within sinuses. Future research should address advanced models, optimizing particle characteristics, investigating novel acoustic waveforms, incorporating patient-specific anatomy, and evaluating long-term safety and efficacy. Tackling these challenges, ADD could offer more effective and targeted treatments for sinus-related conditions such as CRS.

Automated summary

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has a negative impact on patients' quality of life and healthcare expenditures. Traditional drug delivery methods for CRS, like nasal sprays and irrigation, have limited effectiveness. Acoustic Drug Delivery (ADD) using a nebulizer allows targeted delivery of drugs to the sinuses, potentially improving treatment outcomes. This review examines the effects of aerosol particle characteristics, aero-acoustic parameters, flow conditions, and acoustic waves on sinus drug delivery. Key findings suggest that smaller particles enhance ADD efficiency, while larger sizes or increased density hinder it. The oscillation amplitude of the air plug at the ostium is crucial for ADD efficiency. Introducing acoustic waves at the resonance frequency of the nasal cavity-sinus system can improve aerosol deposition in the sinuses. Future research should focus on advanced models, optimizing particle characteristics, investigating novel acoustic waveforms, incorporating patient-specific anatomy, and evaluating long-term safety and efficacy. Addressing these challenges, ADD could provide more effective and targeted treatments for sinus-related conditions like CRS.