Recent Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration and Photobiomodulation in the Context of Alzheimer's Disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the world's primary cause of dementia, a condition characterized by significant progressive declines in memory and intellectual capacities. While dementia is the main symptom of Alzheimer's, the disease presents with many other debilitating symptoms, and currently, there is no known treatment exists to stop its irreversible progression or cure the disease. Photobiomodulation has emerged as a very promising treatment for improving brain function, using light in the range from red to the near-infrared spectrum depending on the application, tissue penetration, and density of the target area. The goal of this comprehensive review is to discuss the most recent achievements in and mechanisms of AD pathogenesis with respect to neurodegeneration. It also provides an overview of the mechanisms of photobiomodulation associated with AD pathology and the benefits of transcranial near-infrared light treatment as a potential therapeutic solution. This review also discusses the older reports and hypotheses associated with the development of AD, as well as some other approved AD drugs.

Automated summary

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of dementia worldwide, characterized by progressive memory and intellectual decline. There is currently no known cure or treatment to stop its irreversible progression. Photobiomodulation using light in the red to near-infrared spectrum has shown promise in improving brain function. This review discusses recent advancements and mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis, as well as the potential therapeutic benefits of transcranial near-infrared light treatment.