Bioactive Polyetheretherketone with Gelatin Hydrogel Leads to Sustained Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 and Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is one of the most promising implant materials for hard tissues due to its similar elastic modulus; however, usage of PEEK is still limited owing to its biological inertness and low osteoconductivity. The objective of the study was to provide PEEK with the ability to sustain the release of growth factors and the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. The PEEK surface was sandblasted and modified with polydopamine (PDA). Moreover, successful sandblasting and PDA modification of the PEEK surface was confirmed through physicochemical characterization. The gelatin hydrogel was then chemically bound to the PEEK by adding a solution of glutaraldehyde and gelatin to the surface of the PDA-modified PEEK. The binding and degradation of the gelatin hydrogel with PEEK (GPEEK) were confirmed, and the GPEEK mineralization was observed in simulated body fluid. Sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 was observed in GPEEK. When cultured on GPEEK with BMP-2, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) exhibited osteogenic differentiation. We conclude that PEEK with a gelatin hydrogel incorporating BMP-2 is a promising substrate for bone tissue engineering.

Automated summary

The study modified the surface of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) with sandblasting and polydopamine (PDA) to incorporate a gelatin hydrogel, enabling sustained release of growth factors and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. The success of gelatin hydrogel binding and degradation with PEEK (GPEEK) was confirmed, along with mineralization in simulated body fluid. The sustained release of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 in GPEEK led to osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). PEEK with a gelatin hydrogel incorporating BMP-2 shows promise as a substrate for bone tissue engineering.