Synthesis of Datura inoxia-added iron nanoparticle adsorbent for malachite green dye removal

A study was conducted to synthesize iron nanoparticles by employing green chemistry methods. The aim was to remove malachite green dye from the synthetic aqueous media. Iron nanoparticles were synthesized using the green synthesis method. Characterization techniques such as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy showed that the synthesized iron nanoparticles were spherically shaped. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy also revealed the peak of iron. The hydrodynamic diameter of iron nanoparticles was 2319 d nm as shown by the zeta potential analyzer with a surface charge of - 30 mV. Batch studies were performed with various parameters and achieved 96% removal of malachite green dye with their optimum value pH (9), adsorbent dose (90 mg), initial dye concentration (10 ppm), contact time (120 min), and temperature (40 degrees C) using iron nanoparticles. Experimental data followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo-II-order kinetics with a coefficient of determination (R-2) 0.93. Negative values of Delta G confirm spontaneity of the reaction. Positive Delta H (71.021) confirms the endothermic nature of the reaction, while a positive Delta S value (0.249) confirmed increased randomness at adsorbate and adsorbent surfaces. Real textile wastewater analysis resulted in a maximum of 48.56% dyes removal for 25% dilution. During the malachite green dye regeneration studies, adsorption of 96%, 93%, and 81% and desorption of 89%, 86%, and 72% were achieved for the three consecutive cycles.

Automated summary

This study successfully synthesized iron nanoparticles using a green chemistry method, which were effective in removing malachite green dye from water. The synthesized iron nanoparticles were spherical in shape and showed good adsorption and regeneration capabilities.