Journal
MICROCHIMICA ACTA
Volume 183, Issue 12, Pages 3143-3149Publisher
SPRINGER WIEN
DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1964-7
Keywords
Microchip; Nanocarbon; Electrophoresis; Carbofuran; Isoprocarb; Carbaryl; Micro solid phase extraction; Water screening analysis; Environmental analysis
Categories
Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CTQ 2014-58643-R]
- Nanoavansens program from the Community of Madrid [S2013/MIT-3029]
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The authors describe a strategy for rapid and sensitive determination of phenyl carbamate pesticides in environmental samples. It consists of the following steps: (a) Enrichment and clean-up of the analytes using a C18 microtip based procedure; (b) alkaline hydrolysis of the carbamates (carbofuran, isoprocarb and carbaryl) to form phenol derivatives; and (c) fast separation and amperometric detection in a microfluidic chip (MCs). The microchips were fabricated by using press-transferred carbon black nanoparticles (CB-NPs) as electrochemical sensing nanomaterial. The excellent electrochemical behavior of the CB-NPs coupled to the microchip warrants good separation and allows for the voltammetric determination (best at a working voltage of +0.70 V vs Ag/AgCl) of the carbamates within < 6 min. The authors also describe a rapid procedure for the clean-up and enrichment of the carbamates from real samples by using a C18 microtip. The procedure allowed a 10-fold enrichment of the analytes, and this led to a detection limits in I ' the 0.7 to 1.2 mu M concentration range. The assay was applied to samples of river, lake and irrigation water that were spiked with carbamates at 50 and 100 mu M levels. Recoveries are in the 87 to 108 % range, and RSDs (n = 3) in the 5 to 11 % range. The exploitation of the such nanomaterials coupled to microfluidics and microextraction procedures for real sample analysis in our preception represents a most viable tool for the analysis of complex real samples, for on-site environmental monitoring, and for rapid diagnosis.
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