All-trans-retinoic acid inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma progression by targeting myeloid-derived suppressor cells and inhibiting angiogenesis

Article Oncology

MiR-26b-5p in small extracellular vesicles derived from dying tumor cells after irradiation enhances the metastasis promoting microenvironment in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Xiaoyang Yin et al.

Summary: Radiation therapy is effective in controlling esophageal squamous cell carcinoma locally, but it can also induce changes in the tumor microenvironment that promote metastasis. Dying tumor cells play a crucial role in promoting the survival of living tumor cells, but few studies have investigated their effects on the tumor microenvironment.

CANCER LETTERS (2022)

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Article Immunology

TLR2 agonist promotes myeloid-derived suppressor cell polarization via Runx1 in hepatocellular carcinoma

Shinan Li et al.

Summary: In this study, Pam3CSK4 injection was found to attenuate tumor growth, decrease MDSCs, and restore T cell function; Pam3CSK4 promoted MDSC polarization by targeting Runx1, while a Runx1 inhibitor reversed this effect; TLR2 and Runx1 play critical roles in regulating the differentiation and function of MDSCs, potentially through the ferroptosis pathway.

INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Josep M. Llovet et al.

Summary: Liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), poses a significant global health challenge with rising incidence projected to exceed 1 million cases by 2025. Infection by hepatitis B and C viruses remains a major risk factor for HCC, while non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is emerging as a more common risk factor in Western countries. Advances in systemic therapies for HCC, including immunotherapies and targeted therapies, are expected to revolutionize the management of this disease.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2021)

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Article Oncology

Inhibition of Granulocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Overcomes Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in LKB1-Deficient Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Rui Li et al.

Summary: Loss of LKB1 leads to increased secretion of ELR+ CXC chemokines in NSCLC, promoting the enrichment of G-MDSCs and immunosuppression. Treatment with ATRA enhances tumor sensitivity to PD-1 blockade, suggesting a potential strategy for overcoming immunotherapy resistance in LKB1-deficient NSCLC.

CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

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Review Oncology

Predictive Biomarkers for Checkpoint Inhibitor-Based Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Where Do We Stand?

Alessandro Rizzo et al.

Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly the combination of PD-L1 inhibitor and antiangiogenic agent, have emerged as novel systemic treatment options for advanced HCC. Despite this, reliable predictors of response to immunotherapy in HCC patients remain unanswered questions.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2021)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

First-line immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combinations in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: current management and future challenges

Alessandro Rizzo et al.

Summary: Immunotherapy has become increasingly important in medical oncology, with recent studies exploring the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Clinical trials have shown promising results for ICIs in combination with biological treatments for advanced HCC patients, and ongoing studies are eagerly awaited.

EXPERT REVIEW OF GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental