4.7 Article

A durable flame retardant with N-P=O(O-NH4+)2 based on amino acid for cotton fabrics

Journal

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
Volume 204, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117327

Keywords

Bio-based flame retardant; Cotton fabric; Glycine; Durability

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A highly durable bio-based flame retardant, ammonium salt of glycine phosphamide phosphoric acid (AGPP), was synthesized without formaldehyde and attached to cotton fabrics by forming P-O-C bonds with cellulose. The conjugation of N and P=O in AGPP resulted in a stable structure, making it difficult to hydrolyze even during high-intensity washing, significantly improving the launderability of the treated cotton fabrics. The presence of N-P and P-O-C bonds was confirmed by FT-IR and XPS analysis. The treated cotton fabrics with 25 wt% AGPP showed a limiting oxygen index of 51.6%, which only dropped to 43.9% after 50 laundering cycles. TG, TG-FTIR, and residual char analyses indicated that AGPP altered the degradation direction of the cotton fabrics and exhibited a condensed-phase flame retardant mechanism. SEM, XRD, and mechanical property tests demonstrated that the morphology, crystal structure, and mechanical performance of the treated cotton fabrics were well maintained.
The ammonium salt of glycine phosphamide phosphoric acid (AGPP), a highly durable bio-based flame retardant with N- P=O(O-NH4+)2, was synthesized without formaldehyde for cotton fabrics (CF). It was attached to CF by forming P-O-C with cellulose. The p-& pi; conjugation of N and P=O made N- P(=O)- O- C very stable, so P-O-C was difficult to hydrolyze even during high-intensity washing, which greatly improved the launderability of treated CF. The limiting oxygen index of 25 wt% AGPP-treated CF was 51.6%, and only dropped to 43.9% after 50 laundering cycles performed following AATCC 61-2013 3 A standard (high temperature, intense machine wash). FT-IR and XPS results showed the presence of N-P and P-O-C bonds. TG, TG-FTIR, and residual char analyses implied that AGPP changed the degradation direction of CF and showed the condensed-phase flameretardant mechanism. SEM, XRD, and mechanical property tests showed that the morphology, crystal structure, and mechanical performance of the finished CF were well sustained.

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