Production of functionalized nanocelluloses from different sources using deep eutectic solvents and their applications

Review Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Cellulose nanocrystals from lignocellulosic feedstock: a review of production technology and surface chemistry modification

Mohsin Raza et al.

Summary: This article evaluates the feasibility of large-scale production of nanocrystalline cellulose and provides a review of the isolation methods and surface modification techniques.

CELLULOSE (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Revisiting the Physicochemical Properties and Applications of Deep Eutectic Solvents

Sushma P. Ijardar et al.

Summary: This article reviews the basic information related to deep eutectic solvents (DES) or ionic liquid (IL) analogues, focusing on the physicochemical properties of density and viscosity, and their applications in drug delivery and biomolecule extraction. Various factors affecting their performance are considered, providing a detailed overview of the current status of DESs in research and development.

MOLECULES (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Applied

Emerging technologies for the production of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass

Dileswar Pradhan et al.

Summary: Nanocellulose, a natural nanomaterial, has attracted significant attention for its applications in various important areas. Conventional production technologies have limitations, such as long processing time and low recovery of nanocellulose, thus scientists have explored emerging processing technologies to improve its production. Studies have shown that these emerging technologies enhance the extraction yield and properties of nanocellulose.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2022)

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Article Materials Science, Paper & Wood

The H-bond evolution of cellulose nanofibrils treated with choline chloride/oxalic acid

Zhenke Wei et al.

Summary: This study investigates the use of a DES system based on choline chloride and oxalic acid for the treatment of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). The results show that the DES effectively destroys the H-bonds in CNFs, leading to changes in the microstructure and properties of the fibers. Additionally, the destruction of H-bonds improves the crystallinity and thermal stability of the CNFs.

CELLULOSE (2022)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Production of lignin-containing nanocellulose from poplar using ternary deep eutectic solvents pretreatment

Feng Shu et al.

Summary: In this study, a novel ternary deep eutectic solvents (DESs) pretreatment combined with microfluidization process was used to prepare lignin-containing nanocellulose (LNC) from poplar, resulting in ultrafine ribbon-like LNCs with high yield, good dispersion stability in water, high lignin content and thermal stability, as well as strong gel-like behavior. The findings offer a promising route for converting hardwood biomass into value-added LNC.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Preparation and stabilization of Pickering emulsions by cationic cellulose nanocrystals synthesized from deep eutectic solvent

Jin Wang et al.

Summary: In this study, short rod-like cationic cellulose nanocrystals (AH-CNCs) were prepared by sodium periodate oxidation combined with the deep eutectic solvent method. The effects of different contents of AH-CNCs on emulsion properties were investigated. The results showed that increasing the content of AH-CNCs decreased the diameter of emulsion droplets and prolonged the stabilization time, leading to improved stability. Moreover, the interaction of nanocellulose in the continuous phase increased the viscosity of the emulsion.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Effect of cationization pretreatment on the properties of cationic Eucalyptus micro/nanofibrillated cellulose

Jorge F. S. Pedrosa et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the effects of cationization method and degree of substitution on the properties of cationic cellulose materials. Two-step cationization resulted in significant cellulose degradation and solubilization, while direct cationization produced longer fibers and a more cohesive gel-like material.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2022)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Recent advancement in isolation, processing, characterization and applications of emerging nanocellulose: A review

M. B. Noremylia et al.

Summary: The emergence of nanocellulose from various natural resources has attracted significant interest as a promising nanomaterial. This review discusses the three main types of nanocellulose, their preparation techniques, surface modification methods, and provides insights into the applications, challenges, and future directions in nanocellulose research.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2022)

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Review Engineering, Environmental

Deep eutectic solvents microbial toxicity: Current state of art and critical evaluation of testing methods

Mateusz Marchel et al.

Summary: Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are mixtures of solid components with low melting points, showing potential as alternatives to traditional solvents. However, there is controversy over their toxicity, with more research needed to fully understand their impact.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2022)

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Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Cellulose Nanopaper: Fabrication, Functionalization, and Applications

Wei Liu et al.

Summary: This article summarizes and discusses the recent progress in the fabrication and applications of cellulose nanopaper, including the characteristics of various types of nanocellulose, preparation methods, and their applications in different fields.

NANO-MICRO LETTERS (2022)

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Article Polymer Science

Cationic Lignocellulose Nanofibers from Agricultural Waste as High-Performing Adsorbents for the Removal of Dissolved and Colloidal Substances

Liangyi Yao et al.

Summary: In this study, cationic lignocellulose nanofibers (CLCNF) were successfully synthesized and used as an adsorbent for the removal of dissolved and colloidal substances (DCS). The cationic modification significantly enhanced the adsorption of the model contaminant polygalacturonic acid (PGA) by CLCNF, and the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models. The developed CLCNF exhibited fast initial kinetics and a high maximum adsorption capacity.

POLYMERS (2022)

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Review Energy & Fuels

Recovery and recycling of deep eutectic solvents in biomass conversions: a review

Asli Isci et al.

Summary: This review focuses on the assessment of deep eutectic solvents (DES) behavior and their applications in biomass pretreatment and conversion processes. It provides detailed information on current techniques for recovering DES and discusses future research directions to optimize product yields and reduce costs. Further investigations are needed for a better understanding of separation options.

BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY (2022)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Controversy on the toxic nature of deep eutectic solvents and their potential contribution to environmental pollution

Guillermo Martinez Martinez et al.

Summary: This article summarizes the relevant physical-chemical properties of deep eutectic solvents for toxicity studies, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of tests used to monitor their toxicity and biodegradability, as well as related limitations. The findings could serve as a starting point for designing more accurate DES toxicity studies.

HELIYON (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Lignin-containing cellulose nanofibers made with microwave-aid green solvent treatment for magnetic fluid stabilization

Chaozheng Liu et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates the successful utilization of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibers (LCNFs) as stabilizing agents for magnetic particles (MNPs) in magnetorheological fluids (MRFs). The presence of LCNFs effectively suspends MNPs in MRFs through physically entangled network and electrostatic repulsion. LCNF-MRFs show superior magnetorheological properties with controllable viscosity and reversible magnetic response.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2022)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Developing flame-retardant lignocellulosic nanofibrils through reactive deep eutectic solvent treatment for thermal insulation

Yeling Zhu et al.

Summary: This study focused on the high-yield conversion of low-cost, coarsely pretreated biomass into lignocellulosic nanofibrils via reactive deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment. The resulting LCNF showed high aspect ratio and high sulfate ammonium functionalization, and could be processed into highly porous aerogel with good mechanical properties and thermal insulating performance. The surface sulfate ammonium functionalization also endowed LCNF with flame retardancy and self-extinguishing property.

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Physicochemical properties of deep eutectic solvents: A review

Karzan A. Omar et al.

Summary: Deep eutectic solvents are a unique type of solvent with interesting physical properties and compliance with green solvents criteria. This review reveals the physicochemical characteristics of deep eutectic solvents and emphasizes their environmental friendliness and sustainability.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Thermal, chemical, electrochemical, radiolytic and biological stability of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents

Yu Chen et al.

Summary: Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are novel solvents with high tunability and wide sustainability and stability for industrial applications. This comprehensive review explores the thermal, chemical, electrochemical, radiolytic, and biological stability of ILs and DESs, aiming to provide guidance for the design of more stable ILs and DESs.

NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Toward cleaner production of nanocellulose: a review and evaluation

Yusen Ai et al.

Summary: Nanocellulose has gained significant attention as a green and sustainable material. This review focuses on sustainable source materials and cleaner production processes for nanocellulose. It summarizes research publications on sustainable nanocellulose source materials and discusses advances in cleaner production processes. The evaluation of environmental, health and safety aspects, as well as life cycle assessments, are emphasized. Suggestions for promoting the industrialization of nanocellulose are also provided.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2022)

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Article Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Direct pretreatment of raw ramie fibers using an acidic deep eutectic solvent to produce cellulose nanofibrils in high purity

Wang Yu et al.

Summary: In this study, an acidic deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on choline chloride-oxalic acid dihydrate was used to pretreat raw ramie fibers for direct extraction of nanocellulose without the need for pulping/bleaching processes. The nanocellulose obtained after DES pretreatment exhibited similar properties to degummed fibers, showing high purity, crystallinity, and thermal stability.

CELLULOSE (2021)

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Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Production routes to tailor the performance of cellulose nanocrystals

Oriana M. Vanderfleet et al.

Summary: This Review evaluates the properties of CNCs from more than 30 production routes and 40 biomass sources to guide users in selecting the right material for their desired application. CNCs produced by various methods are assessed against three target properties: colloidal stability, size, and crystallinity index. Alternative production routes and starting materials are suggested to overcome challenges associated with CNC use, including improving compatibility with hydrophobic materials, resistance to thermal degradation, and colloidal stability in high ionic strength environments.

NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Esterification of cellulose using carboxylic acid-based deep eutectic solvents to produce high-yield cellulose nanofibers

Suling Liu et al.

Summary: This study utilized carboxylic acid-based deep eutectic solvents for pretreating cellulose, resulting in the production of cellulose nanofibers with widths less than 100 nm through simultaneous esterification modifications. Esterification modifications prevented over-hydrolysis and dissolution of cellulose while maintaining the cellulose I crystal structure. The esterified cellulose nanofibers showed improved dispersibility and interfacial compatibility with polylactic acid, leading to mechanical enhancement of CNF/PLA composites.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Natural acidic deep eutectic solvent to obtain cellulose nanocrystals using the design of experience approach

L. Douard et al.

Summary: This study successfully optimized the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals using acidic natural deep eutectic solvents through design of experiment method. The mathematical model accurately described the crystallinity, while the prediction for CNC yield was more of a tendency. The experimental results confirmed the effectiveness of the predictive models.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Review of Fundamentals and Applications

Benworth B. Hansen et al.

Summary: Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) exhibit significant depressions in melting points and tunable physicochemical properties, but there is still a lack of predictive understanding of their microscopic mechanisms and structure-property relationships. Research on complex hydrogen bonding is crucial for a deeper understanding and development of fundamental frameworks for DESs.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2021)

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Review Energy & Fuels

Recent Advances in Cellulose Nanofibers Preparation through Energy-Efficient Approaches: A Review

Seyed Rahman Djafari Petroudy et al.

Summary: Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and their applications have gained attention for their properties, but high production costs are a limiting factor. Research on energy-efficient methods is crucial for reducing costs and improving yields.

ENERGIES (2021)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Isolation of thermostable cellulose II nanocrystals and their molecular bridging for electroresponsive and pH-sensitive bio-nanocomposite

Qi-Lin Lu et al.

Summary: A sustainable system using deep eutectic solvent was developed to produce functional cellulose II nanocrystals with high yield. The nanocrystals showed excellent thermal stability, high crystallinity, surface carboxyl groups, and superior dispersion stability. When incorporated into gelatin matrix, the nanocrystals significantly enhanced the mechanical properties and produced bio-nanocomposite films with outstanding properties.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2021)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Rapid, high-yield production of lignin-containing cellulose nanocrystals using recyclable oxalic acid dihydrate

Jungang Jiang et al.

Summary: This study demonstrated the high-yield production of lignin-containing cellulose nanocrystals from thermomechanical pulp using recyclable oxalic acid dihydrate. The use of this method showed potential for reducing global warming potential and energy use through recycling of the reactant.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Cellulose nanofibril as a crosslinker to reinforce the sodium alginate/ chitosan hydrogels

Wangfang Deng et al.

Summary: This study reinforced sodium alginate/chitosan hydrogels using cellulose nanofibril (CNF) as a crosslinker, improving mechanical properties and demonstrating excellent sustained release performance. The addition of CNF effectively strengthened the network structure of the hydrogels, but also reduced their swelling performance.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Production of nanocellulose gels and films from invasive tree species

R. O. Almeida et al.

Summary: The wood from invasive tree species Acacia dealbata and Ailanthus altissima was used to produce high value-added nanocellulose, with hydrogels obtained and characterized for their properties including rheology measurements. The resulting nanocellulose materials showed strong gels with high yield stress point and viscosities, as well as specific surface energy properties typical for cellulose-based materials. Films with good mechanical and optical properties were derived from the cellulose hydrogels, showing promising results for potential applications.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

One-Step Twin-Screw Extrusion Process to Fibrillate Deep Eutectic Solvent-Treated Wood to Be Used in Wood Fiber-Polypropylene Composites

Hesam Taheri et al.

Summary: This study pretreated wood with a green solvent system to achieve fibrillation of wood fibers through a one-step extrusion process, successfully producing wood fiber-polypropylene composite. The treated wood showed improved performance in the composite, with darker color and increased hydrophobicity.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Applied

Design strategies, properties and applications of cellulose nanomaterials-enhanced products with residual, technical or nanoscale lignin - A review

Ramakrishna Trovagunta et al.

Summary: With the increasing demand for greener alternatives to fossil-derived products, research on cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) has rapidly expanded. The combination of nanoscale properties and sustainable attributes makes CNMs an asset in the quest for a sustainable society. This article comprehensively reviews the different design strategies and their influence on properties and applications of CNMs containing lignin in various forms, paving the way for new production routes and use of CNM/lignin materials in high-performance applications.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Strategic biorefinery platform for green valorization of agro-industrial residues: A sustainable approach towards biodegradable plastics

Debiparna De et al.

Summary: The production of cellulose reinforced bio-composites offers a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based plastics, while utilizing waste agro-industrial residues for lignocellulose biorefinery can help combat environmental pollution. Research shows that using deep eutectic solvents to extract lignin, functionalize cellulose into nanocrystals, and use them as bio-fillers can lead to the successful production of bioplastic films with excellent mechanical and moisture barrier properties.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2021)

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Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Increasing the Possibilities of TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation in the Production of Cellulose Nanofibers by Reducing the Reaction Time and Reusing the Reaction Medium

Jose Luis Sanchez-Salvador et al.

Summary: This study has successfully optimized the TEMPO-mediated oxidation of cellulose pretreatment by reducing oxidation time and reusing reaction medium, leading to reduced consumption of raw materials and operational costs, while maintaining the quality of the obtained cellulose nanofibers.

ADVANCED SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Efficient cleavage of strong hydrogen bonds in sugarcane bagasse by ternary acidic deep eutectic solvent and ultrasonication to facile fabrication of cellulose nanofibers

Qinghua Ji et al.

Summary: From the perspective of green chemistry, efficient fabrication of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) with high thermal stability and potential applications can be achieved by cleaving strong hydrogen bonds in sugarcane bagasse using microwave-assisted ternary carboxylic acid deep eutectic solvent, followed by high-intensity ultrasonication.

CELLULOSE (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Cellulose nanocrystals from bleached rice straw pulp: acidic deep eutectic solvent versus sulphuric acid hydrolyses

Wei-Lun Lim et al.

Summary: This study investigates the feasibility of OA-ChCl DES as a green solvent for acidic DES hydrolysis, producing OA-ChCl DES CNC with nano-sized range and stable dispersion. The OA-ChCl DES CNC showed efficient cleavage of hydrogen bonds in pulp under acidic conditions and exhibited superior thermal stability compared to SA-CNC.

CELLULOSE (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Hydrophobic modification of nanocellulose and all-cellulose composite films using deep eutectic solvent as a reaction medium

Matias Lakovaara et al.

Summary: In this work, deep eutectic solvent (DES) was used as a reaction medium for esterification of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and all-cellulose composite (ACC) films with n-octylsuccinic anhydride (OSA) to obtain high strength and sustainable films with increased hydrophobicity. The modified films displayed better mechanical properties in dry, humid, and wet conditions, with partly attributed improvements to higher contact angles.

CELLULOSE (2021)

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Article Engineering, Multidisciplinary

Phosphorus containing group and lignin toward intrinsically flame retardant cellulose nanofibril-based film with enhanced mechanical properties

Shanshan Zhang et al.

Summary: This study successfully prepared bamboo-based phosphorylated cellulose nanofibril films with excellent mechanical performance and remarkable flame resistance, showing promising potential for applications in flame-retardant packaging materials.

COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Facile Preparation and Characteristic Analysis of Sulfated Cellulose Nanofibril via the Pretreatment of Sulfamic Acid-Glycerol Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

Weidong Li et al.

Summary: The use of a deep eutectic solvent enabled the sustainable preparation of cellulose nanofibrils with simultaneous swelling and sulfation, leading to the production of CNF with diameters ranging from 10 nm to 25 nm after further nanofibrillation. DES pretreatment facilitated cellulose nano-fibrillation, reduced energy consumption, and resulted in PVA and CNF films with good UV resistance and mechanical properties. This efficient method offers a more sustainable strategy for cellulose swelling, functionalization, and nano-fibrillation, expanding its application to UV-blocking materials and related fields.

NANOMATERIALS (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Basics and properties of deep eutectic solvents: a review

Tracy El Achkar et al.

Summary: Deep eutectic solvents, emerging in green chemistry only seventeen years ago, have led to a plethora of publications covering various research areas and diverse fields of application. They are seen as promising alternatives to conventional organic solvents due to their straightforward preparation using highly accessible and natural compounds, as well as high tunability in properties. The physicochemical properties of these solvents, such as phase behavior, density, viscosity, ionic conductivity, surface tension, and polarity, can be controlled by factors like the choice of forming compounds, molar ratio, temperature, and water content.

ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

One-pot green extraction of high charge density cellulose nanocrystals with high yield for bionanocomposites

Qi-Lin Lu et al.

Summary: A green and cost-effective approach was developed to produce high-yield FCNs, utilizing recyclable PDES for cost reduction and waste treatment. By adding FCNs into gelatin matrix, bionanocomposites with remarkable stress transfer potential were obtained.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Sustainable preparation of cellulose nanofibrils via choline chloride-citric acid deep eutectic solvent pretreatment combined with high-pressure homogenization

Wei Liu et al.

Summary: Utilizing a green deep eutectic solvent system for the pretreatment of cellulose fibers can achieve high yield and quality of cellulose nanofibrils. The fabrication of cellulose nanopaper through a vacuum filtration process results in high tensile strength and toughness.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Mechanochemical and thermal succinylation of softwood sawdust in presence of deep eutectic solvent to produce lignin-containing wood nanofibers

Juho Antti Sirvio et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that using DES can significantly increase the carboxylic acid content of sawdust, leading to the production of self-standing films with excellent particle size and mechanical properties.

CELLULOSE (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents for the lignocellulose nanofibril production from Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica)

Gu-Joong Kwon et al.

Summary: In this study, Lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) were successfully produced from Mongolian oak biomass for the first time using deep eutectic solvent pretreatment and mechanical defibrillation. The desirability of the CC/LA pretreatment for high lignin and hemicellulose removal, as well as the enhanced fiber's susceptibility to defibrillation with CC/U and CC/GLY pretreatments, was demonstrated. The optimal conditions for LCNF preparation were found to be a 1:2 mol ratio, 6 hours time, and 140 degrees C, resulting in nanofibrils with high tensile strength, elastic modulus, and thermal stability.

CELLULOSE (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Integrated and sustainable preparation of functional nanocellulose via formic acid/choline chloride solvents pretreatment

Meiyan Wu et al.

Summary: Using F-DES pretreatment and ball milling, an integrated preparation process of CNCs and CNFs was developed to produce NC with a yield of over 95%. Compared to B-NC and U-NC, F-NC with surface ester groups showed better ability to stabilize the oil/water interface for Pickering emulsion preparation. F-DES also exhibited lower viscosity than U-DES, with a high recovery rate of 92% after three cycles and better reusability for a cleaner and sustainable process.

CELLULOSE (2021)

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Review Environmental Sciences

Insights into the relationships between physicochemical properties, solvent performance, and applications of deep eutectic solvents

Man Zhang et al.

Summary: Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are considered a new generation of green solvents due to their distinctive and tailorable physicochemical properties. They have been widely applied in various fields, and research focuses on the influence of molecular structure on DES properties and the latest research results in different areas. Developing DES with specific physicochemical properties from a molecular structure aspect is key to their accurate functional applications.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH (2021)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Contribution of lignin in esterified lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNFs) prepared by deep eutectic solvent treatment to the interface compatibility of LCNF/PLA composites

Qing Zhang et al.

Summary: In this study, esterified lignocellulose nanofibers (LCNFs) with high yield were prepared from lignocelluloses (LCs) with different lignin contents by swelling with a lactic acid/choline chloride deep eutectic solvent (LA/ChCl DES) followed by mechanical colloid milling. The lignin in the esterified LCNFs acted as an interface adhesive, increasing the compatibility between LCNFs and PLA and enhancing the mechanical properties of the composites. The optimized flexural properties of the composites reached a maximum value of 204.5 MPa when 20% LCNF (containing 10.92% lignin) was added, showing great potential as a replacement for non-degradable plastics.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A review on the properties and applications of chitosan, cellulose and deep eutectic solvent in green chemistry

Xin Xiong Chang et al.

Summary: The concept of green chemistry focusing on green synthesis has led to the development of sustainable chemical processes and industries. Chitosan, an ecofriendly material, can be modified into biofilms for various applications, but its limited properties can be enhanced by incorporating nanocellulose fillers. Additionally, deep eutectic solvents (DES) are novel green solvents with applications in various fields, despite limited studies on their use in nanocomposite films.

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Review Environmental Sciences

A review of nanocellulose as a new material towards environmental sustainability

Kingshuk Dhali et al.

Summary: Synthetic polymers, or plastics, are harmful contaminants affecting natural ecosystems. Research on environment-friendly materials focuses on cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer. Extraction methods greatly impact the morphology and properties of nanocellulose.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2021)

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Review Engineering, Chemical

Nanocellulose from Agricultural Wastes: Products and Applications-A Review

Soledad Mateo et al.

Summary: This review summarizes the importance of isolating nanocellulose from different agricultural residues, the production processes involved, and the potential applications of nanocellulose in various industrial fields.

PROCESSES (2021)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Lignin-containing cellulose nanomaterials: preparation and applications

Kun Liu et al.

Summary: Cellulose nanomaterials obtained from lignocellulose have excellent properties and great application potential in high-tech fields, but face challenges such as energy consumption, chemical recovery, and complex purification processes. Lignin-containing cellulose nanomaterials have emerged as a new type with low energy and chemical consumption, easy preparation, and special properties, showing promise for various advanced material applications.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Production of cellulose nanofibrils and films from elephant grass using deep eutectic solvents and a solid acid catalyst

Xi-Que Wu et al.

Summary: A new strategy has been developed to produce cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and films from raw elephant grass using a recyclable spent coffee-derived solid acid (SC-SO3H) catalyst and deep eutectic solvents. The method showed superior performance compared to catalyst-free and sulfuric acid conditions, with potential for sustainable production. Additionally, the SC-SO3H catalyst can be easily reused, demonstrating the green and sustainable nature of this novel approach.

RSC ADVANCES (2021)

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Review Polymer Science

A comprehensive review on production, surface modification and characterization of nanocellulose derived from biomass and its commercial applications

R. Kumar et al.

Summary: Nanocellulose has gained attention in research and industry for its exceptional physicochemical properties, but its hydrophilic nature limits its applications. However, surface modification techniques provide solutions to overcome this limitation, making it a promising material for various fields.

EXPRESS POLYMER LETTERS (2021)

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Article Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Isolation and characterization of cellulose nanofibers from aspen wood using derivatizing and non-derivatizing pretreatments

Simon Jonasson et al.

CELLULOSE (2020)

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Review Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Cellulose nanomaterials: new generation materials for solving global issues

T. C. Mokhena et al.

CELLULOSE (2020)

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Article Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Extraction of cellulose nanocrystals using a recyclable deep eutectic solvent

Huiqiang Wang et al.

CELLULOSE (2020)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Acidic and alkaline deep eutectic solvents in delignification and nanofibrillation of corn stalk, wheat straw, and rapeseed stem residues

Terhi Suopajarvi et al.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2020)

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Review Materials Science, Paper & Wood

On the potential of lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs): a review on properties and applications

Iina Solala et al.

CELLULOSE (2020)

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Article Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Preparation of cellulose nanofibrils from okara by high pressure homogenization method using deep eutectic solvents

Peiyi Li et al.

CELLULOSE (2020)

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Article Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Eco-friendly extraction of cellulose nanocrystals from grape pomace and construction of self-healing nanocomposite hydrogels

Qichao Fan et al.

CELLULOSE (2020)

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Article Agricultural Engineering

Production and characterization of lignin containing nanocellulose from luffa through an acidic deep eutectic solvent treatment and systematic fractionation

Shu Hong et al.

INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS (2020)

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Article Engineering, Environmental

Lignin-rich sulfated wood nanofibers as high-performing adsorbents for the removal of lead and copper from water

Juho Antti Sirvio et al.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Insights into microwave heating response and thermal decomposition behavior of deep eutectic solvents

Jose Gonzalez-Rivera et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS (2020)

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Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Cellulose Nanocrystals Extracted from Grape Pomace with Deep Eutectic Solvents and Application for Self-Healing Nanocomposite Hydrogels

Ruiyue Wu et al.

MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING (2020)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Surface Modification of Cured Inorganic Foams with Cationic Cellulose Nanocrystals and Their Use as Reactive Filter Media for Anionic Dye Removal

Tuula Selkala et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2020)

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Review Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Disruptive enzyme-based strategies to isolate nanocelluloses: a review

Cleverton L. Pirich et al.

CELLULOSE (2020)

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Article Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Green method for preparation of cellulose nanocrystals using deep eutectic solvent

Michael A. Smirnov et al.

CELLULOSE (2020)

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Article Materials Science, Paper & Wood

Enhancing packaging board properties using micro- and nanofibers prepared from recycled board

Ossi Laitinen et al.

CELLULOSE (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

High Production Yield and More Thermally Stable Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanocrystals Isolated Using a Ternary Acidic Deep Eutectic Solvent

Jungang Jiang et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Applied

Extraction and comparison of cellulose nanocrystals from lemon (Citrus limon) seeds using sulfuric acid hydrolysis and oxidation methods

Huan Zhang et al.

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