Journal
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
Volume 23, Issue 18, Pages 21070-21077Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2023.3301813
Keywords
Complex permittivity; dropping-based method; microfluidic sensor; predictive model; resonant frequency
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This article proposes a low-cost and highly sensitive microwave microfluidic sensor implemented by two ring resonators for liquid characterization. The sensor applies liquid samples using a PVC microfluidic channel and a dropping-based method to measure the liquid's complex permittivity. Calibration and validation using ethanol-water mixtures improved measurement accuracy. Results showed that the proposed sensor has a compact size, simple design, and cost-effective fabrication process.
In this article, a low-cost and very high-sensitive microwave microfluidic sensor implemented by two ring resonators is proposed for liquid characterization. Applying the liquid samples to the sensor was done using a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microfluidic channel and dropping-based method which causes a shift in the resonance frequency and quality factor related to the value of the liquid's complex permittivity. Several solvents were measured and a good agreement was achieved for simulations and experimental measurements. Also, ethanol-water mixtures were used for calibration and validation of a predictive model for the complex permittivity, which shows a maximum measurement error of 5.8%. A very high sensitivity of 0.7% using liquid volume of about 30 mu L was obtained which demonstrates the accuracy of characterization of the complex permittivity by using the proposed sensor. In comparison with previous designs, the proposed sensor has a compact size, simple design, and easy fabrication process and it is cost-effective to fabricate. Also, the proposed sensor can be used either with or without a microfluidic channel.
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