Related references
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Summary: Biodiversity citizen science data are crucial for conservation and research. We analyzed a large dataset of Australian photographic observations on iNaturalist to evaluate recognition of species across different taxa. Dragonflies/damselflies and butterflies were the most recognized and complete groups, making them ideal for large-scale studies. Recruiting experts and providing accessible resources for difficult-to-identify taxa can increase recognition for other groups.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
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Chad T. Beranek et al.
Summary: This study investigates the impacts of the 2019-2020 black summer bushfires on amphibian communities in two regions of the Australian Eastern coast. The results show a negative influence of severe fire extent on species occupancy and richness. Burrowing species and rain forest specialists have mostly negative relationships with severe fire extent, while arboreal amphibians have neutral relationships.
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Anne Chao et al.
Summary: In this study, we propose a rigorous standardization method to measure and compare beta diversity across datasets based on sampling data. Our approach is built upon the assumption of a statistical sampling model, treating the sampling data as a representative sample from an assemblage. We introduce the concept of standardized, coverage-based beta diversity by standardizing alpha and gamma diversity at the same level of sample coverage. Our extension of the iNEXT method to beta diversity ensures the removal of the dependence on gamma and alpha values, allowing us to quantify the pure among-assemblage differentiation. The proposed standardization is demonstrated with various spatial, temporal, and spatiotemporal datasets.
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Chris J. Jolly et al.
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GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
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Biodiversity Conservation
Ramona J. Heim et al.
Summary: The study found that fires have significant impacts on the diversity of plants and birds in the tundra ecosystem, with the highest species richness occurring in intermediate-aged fire scars. Different fire scars result in differences in species composition of plants and birds.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
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Zachary L. Steel et al.
Summary: Wildfires are creating large high-severity patches far from undisturbed habitats, impacting bird communities. Community richness decreases with distance and patch size, while increasing with years since fire. Large high-severity patch interiors contain subsets, rather than complements, of edge communities, leading to shifts in avian diversity and community composition.
DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS
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Joshua S. Lee et al.
Summary: This study investigated the recovery of rainforest bird communities one year after the extreme 2019-2020 Australian bushfires. The results showed that bird diversity was lower in burnt rainforests compared to unburnt rainforests, while the inverse was true for dry sclerophyll forests. The responses of bird communities to forest type and fire history varied among different functional groups, highlighting the vulnerability of rainforests to fire. Local fire mitigation management may be necessary to protect the species and functional diversity of rainforests from the increasing risk of fire with climate change.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION
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Ecology
Tom D. Le Breton et al.
Summary: Wildfires in 2019-2020 set global records in terms of scale and severity, ushering in the era of megafires. These frequent megafires have negative impacts on species and ecosystems. A comprehensive analysis of megafire impacts on southeastern Australian vegetation communities indicates that one-third of the native vegetation in this region has burned too frequently, particularly affecting fire-sensitive vegetation like rainforests. The study also demonstrates that megafires can infiltrate refugia and push fire intervals beyond plant species' thresholds, increasing the risk of ecosystem collapse. Innovative fire management approaches are needed to address this issue, but without addressing climate change, ecosystems adapted to infrequent, high-severity fires may face unavoidable collapse.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
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Sarah Legge et al.
Summary: The 2019-2020 Australian megafires have caused significant population losses and ecological damage to wildlife. This study assessed the population declines and recovery of fire-affected species in order to inform conservation efforts. The results indicate that 70-82 taxa may be eligible for listing as threatened and another 21-27 taxa may be eligible for uplisting. It is predicted that a majority of the assessed taxa will not recover to their pre-fire population size within 10 years or three generations.
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Ecology
Rachael Gallagher et al.
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GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2022)
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Benjamin M. Viola et al.
Summary: Observations made by citizen-scientists are highly valued in biology as they contribute to environmental stewardship and data acquisition. However, there is a lack of literature acknowledging the professional benefits scientists gain from collaborating with interested parties. Collaborating with amateur experts can greatly improve data quality and outcomes in research, particularly in the field of marine ornithology. Scientists are encouraged to recognize the value of public participation and close the gap between citizens and science.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2022)
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Environmental Sciences
Yuanwei Qin et al.
Summary: Australia experienced severe drought, high temperatures, and massive forest fires in 2019 and early 2020. However, the eucalyptus trees showed strong fire resilience, and the understory vegetation quickly recovered in 2020. Using multiple sensors, this study analyzed the impacts of fire and climate on forest areas in Australia and found that the forests experienced significant losses in 2019 but showed large gains in 2020 due to the high resilience of trees and favorable conditions. The results highlight the potential of monitoring and assessing post-fire recovery using remote sensing.
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Summary: Arctic fires can release large amounts of carbon from permafrost peatlands. Recent decades have seen an increase in temperature-related fire factors, which have a near-exponential relationship with annual burned area. With climactic warming, large fires in the Arctic are likely to occur before mid-century.
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Manu E. Saunders et al.
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INSECT CONSERVATION AND DIVERSITY
(2021)
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. L. Forister et al.
Summary: Uncertainty remains regarding the role of anthropogenic climate change in declining insect populations, partly because our understanding of biotic response to climate is often complicated by habitat loss and degradation among other compounding stressors. We found a 1.6% annual reduction in the number of individual butterflies observed over the past four decades, associated in particular with warming during fall months. The pervasive declines that we report advance our understanding of climate change impacts and suggest that a new approach is needed for butterfly conservation in the region, focused on suites of species with shared habitat or host associations.
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Environmental Sciences
Casey Kirchhoff et al.
Summary: The unprecedented scale of the 2019-2020 eastern Australian bushfires exemplifies the challenges faced by scientists and conservation biologists in monitoring biodiversity effects after large-scale environmental disturbances. Citizen science offers a unique opportunity to collect biodiversity response data in disturbed areas, widely spread out over such disturbed areas.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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Rachael V. Gallagher et al.
Summary: The study found that 69% of plant species in the affected area of the 2019-2020 Australian megafires had suitable habitats destroyed, including 587 endangered species. Despite many Australian plant species having self-recovery strategies, the destruction caused by the fires and future short fire intervals pose a serious threat to the recovery of at least 595 species.
DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTIONS
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Stephen C. Mason Jr et al.
Summary: The study found that bee biodiversity increases after fire and fire in combination with forest/grassland management treatments, while ground beetle and butterfly biodiversity are not significantly affected. Additionally, only a small percentage of studies quantified fire severity, likely contributing to inconsistent results within the pyroentomology literature.
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Rachael H. Nolan et al.
Summary: Research suggests that while many plant communities may remain resilient to shifting fire regimes in the short-term, long-term changes in vegetation structure, demography, and species composition are likely, which will have a range of subsequent effects on ecosystem function.
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