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Bernard Legras et al.
Summary: This study utilized a variety of spaceborne instruments to investigate the unprecedented stratospheric plume following the Tonga volcano eruption on January 15, 2022. The release of a large amount of water vapor from the volcano led to the rapid conversion of sulfur dioxide to sulfate aerosols, causing them to descend to 24-26 km in height. Results showed that during the first two months, the aerosol plume did not simply disperse passively but instead organized into concentrated patches.
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Summary: The eruption of the underwater Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha-apai volcano in January 2022 caused significant perturbations in stratospheric aerosols and water vapor. The eruption had the largest global impact on aerosols since the Pinatubo eruption in 1991 and the largest impact on stratospheric water vapor in the satellite era. Initially, volcanic aerosol cooling dominated the radiative forcing at the top-of-the-atmosphere and surface, while water vapor radiative cooling dominated the local stratospheric heating/cooling rates. However, after two weeks, water vapor heating started to dominate the radiative forcing, resulting in a net warming of the climate system.
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