4.7 Article

Surface-Forced Variability in the Nordic Seas Overturning Circulation and Overflows

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Lagrangian Overturning Pathways in the Eastern Subpolar North Atlantic

Oliver J. Tooth et al.

Summary: The strength of the AMOC at subpolar latitudes is dominated by water mass transformation in the eastern SPNA. However, the distribution of this overturning across the individual circulation pathways of both the SPG and the Nordic seas overflows is poorly understood. Water mass transformation along the pathways of the eastern SPG accounts for 55% of the mean strength of the eastern subpolar AMOC.

JOURNAL OF CLIMATE (2023)

Review Oceanography

Formation and pathways of dense water in the Nordic Seas based on a regional inversion

Ailin Brakstad et al.

Summary: By analyzing hydrographic and geochemical tracer observations, this study reveals the main sources and pathways of the Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW) and the Faroe Bank Channel Overflow Water. It is found that the North Icelandic Jet contributes a significant portion of the DSOW, with most of its water originating from the Greenland Sea. Additionally, the study uncovers a previously unknown pathway through the Jan Mayen Ridge into the Iceland Sea. These findings provide unprecedented insights into the importance of the Greenland Sea and the Iceland Sea in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.

PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY (2023)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Role of air-sea heat flux on the transformation of Atlantic Water encircling the Nordic Seas

Jie Huang et al.

Summary: This study reveals the different roles of air-sea heat exchange in the transformation of Atlantic Water along the two northward-flowing warm currents in the Nordic Seas, which needs to be considered to understand high-latitude response to climate change.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2023)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Future strengthening of the Nordic Seas overturning circulation

Marius Arthun et al.

Summary: Contrary to the North Atlantic, the overturning circulation in the Nordic Seas is projected to increase throughout most of the 21st century, according to global climate models. The increased circulation is attributed to enhanced horizontal circulation and a strengthened zonal density gradient. This could potentially stabilize the future Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC).

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2023)

Article Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Mixing and air-sea buoyancy fluxes set the time-mean overturning circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic and Nordic Seas

Dafydd Gwyn Evans et al.

Summary: The overturning streamfunction at the OSNAP mooring array represents the transformation of Atlantic Water into North Atlantic Deep Water. Air-sea buoyancy fluxes and mixing contribute to this transformation. Observational, reanalysis, and model-based datasets are used to estimate the water mass transformations. The study highlights the importance of accurately representing mixing-driven processes for realistic simulation of the overturning circulation in the North Atlantic.

OCEAN SCIENCE (2023)

Review Geochemistry & Geophysics

Nordic Seas Heat Loss, Atlantic Inflow, and Arctic Sea Ice Cover Over the Last Century

Lars H. Smedsrud et al.

Summary: This study provides a detailed account of the poleward ocean heat transport and its effects on the earth system, particularly in relation to sea ice cover. It shows that the Arctic Ocean, including the Nordic and Barents Seas, has experienced warming since the 1970s, which is attributed to increased ocean heat transport and sea ice loss. The study also reveals that the largest heat loss to the atmosphere occurs in the Nordic Seas, while the Barents Sea and Arctic seas farther north exhibit smaller but increasing heat loss. The inflow of northward Atlantic Water, total heat loss to the atmosphere, and dense outflow have all increased since 1900, and are consistently related through theoretical scaling. The findings highlight the significance of these processes in understanding climate change in the Arctic region.

REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Recent upper Arctic Ocean warming expedited by summertime atmospheric processes

Zhe Li et al.

Summary: Low-frequency internal atmospheric variability has contributed to 25% of Arctic Ocean warming and 60% of accelerated warming from 2000 to 2018. A multiyear trend in large-scale atmospheric circulation has played a significant role in summer and fall ocean warming.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Sea-ice retreat suggests re-organization of water mass transformation in the Nordic and Barents Seas

G. W. K. Moore et al.

Summary: Water mass transformation in the Nordic and Barents Seas, triggered by air-sea heat fluxes, is undergoing reorganization due to rapid warming and retreating ice cover in the region.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Article Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Coupled stratosphere-troposphere-Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and its importance for near-future climate projection

Nour-Eddine Omrani et al.

Summary: The climate trends in the Northern Hemisphere in the stratosphere, troposphere, ocean, and cryosphere are related to each other. A coupled stratosphere/troposphere/ocean-oscillation framework can explain these trends. The positive Northern Annular Mode (NAM) and stratospheric cooling lead to strengthening of Atlantic overturning circulation and extratropical Atlantic-gyres, causing oceanic heat transport and Arctic sea-ice melting. This initiates a wave-induced negative NAM and stratospheric warming, reversing the oscillation phase.

NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE (2022)

Review Environmental Sciences

The evolution of the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation since 1980

Laura C. Jackson et al.

Summary: The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) has a key role in the climate system, and its variability since 1980 has been analyzed. The AMOC has shown periods of both strengthening and weakening, with uncertain magnitudes of change. Different patterns of variability have been observed in the subpolar and subtropical regions of the North Atlantic. Research priorities include improving the monitoring of the AMOC, better representing processes in the North Atlantic, and distinguishing between anthropogenic weakening and internal variability.

NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

Increased ocean heat transport into the Nordic Seas and Arctic Ocean over the period 1993-2016

Takamasa Tsubouchi et al.

Summary: Increased ocean transport from the North Atlantic into the Nordic Seas and Arctic Ocean is warming the region. The poleward heat transport may have contributed to the declining sea-ice extent and increasing ocean temperatures since the late 1990s.

NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE (2021)

Article Oceanography

Mechanisms for Late 20th and Early 21st Century Decadal AMOC Variability

Alex Megann et al.

Summary: Recent studies suggest that the Iceland Basin and the Irminger Sea play a more significant role in the formation of upper North Atlantic Deep Water than the Labrador Sea. Through hindcast integrations of a global NEMO simulation, it is found that the surface heat loss from the Irminger Sea is the dominant mechanism for decadal variability in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Additionally, there is a causal link between surface forcing and decadal variability in the strength of the AMOC, and the AMOC variability is related to the North Atlantic Oscillation.

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS (2021)

Article Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

120 Years of AMOC Variability Reconstructed From Observations Using the Bernoulli Inverse

Neil J. Fraser et al.

Summary: This study presents a time series for the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) over the past 120 years derived solely from observations. The research shows that AMOC varies on a multidecadal timescale, leading the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) in sea surface temperature by 2.5 years. The dynamics of the implied AMOC/AMV coupling suggest that low-frequency variability in both parameters is driven by large-scale density anomalies circulating in the AMOC.

GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The poleward enhanced Arctic Ocean cooling machine in a warming climate

Qi Shu et al.

Summary: The Barents Sea serves as a cooling machine for the Arctic Ocean, releasing ocean heat and playing a crucial role in regulating climate and determining ocean circulation. The study shows that as the climate warms, the efficiency of this cooling machine is enhanced poleward, driving Arctic Atlantification towards the poles.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Role of air-sea fluxes and ocean surface density in the production of deep waters in the eastern subpolar gyre of the North Atlantic

Tillys Petit et al.

Summary: Winter convection in the North Atlantic Ocean plays a key role in the global climate by producing dense waters that contribute to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Recent studies emphasize the significance of the Irminger and Iceland basins in the production of North Atlantic Deep Water, with buoyancy forcing transforming surface waters into deep waters. The research shows that air-sea fluxes and ocean surface density are crucial factors influencing the densification of surface water and the transformation of subpolar mode water in the Iceland Basin.

OCEAN SCIENCE (2021)

Article Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

What can Hydrography Tell Us About the Strength of the Nordic Seas MOC Over the Last 70 to 100 Years?

T. Rossby et al.

GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS (2020)

Article Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

The ERA5 global reanalysis

Hans Hersbach et al.

QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Discovery of an unrecognized pathway carrying overflow waters toward the Faroe Bank Channel

Leon Chafik et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Sources and upstream pathways of the densest overflow water in the Nordic Seas

Jie Huang et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

Overview of the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM2) and key climate response of CMIP6 DECK, historical, and scenario simulations

Oyvind Seland et al.

GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT (2020)

Article Oceanography

Atlantic-Origin Overflow Water in the East Greenland Current

Lisbeth Havik et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (2019)

Article Oceanography

Water Mass Transformation in the Greenland Sea during the Period 1986-2016

Ailin Brakstad et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (2019)

Article Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Surface predictor of overturning circulation and heat content change in the subpolar North Atlantic

Damien G. Desbruyeres et al.

OCEAN SCIENCE (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Ocean convection linked to the recent ice edge retreat along east Greenland

Kjetil Vage et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

Article Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Structure and Forcing of Observed Exchanges across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge

Carina Bringedal et al.

JOURNAL OF CLIMATE (2018)

Article Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

JRA-55 based surface dataset for driving ocean-sea-ice models (JRA55-do)

Hiroyuki Tsujino et al.

OCEAN MODELLING (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Skillful prediction of northern climate provided by the ocean

Marius Arthun et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

Article Oceanography

Revised transport estimates of the Denmark Strait overflow

Kerstin Jochumsen et al.

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Emerging negative Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index in spite of warm subtropics

Eleanor Frajka-Williams et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2017)

Article Oceanography

Upstream sources of the Denmark Strait Overflow: Observations from a high-resolution mooring array

B. E. Harden et al.

DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS (2016)

Article Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

C-GLORSv5: an improved multipurpose global ocean eddy-permitting physical reanalysis

Andrea Storto et al.

EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA (2016)

Article Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

A stable Faroe Bank Channel overflow 1995-2015

Bogi Hansen et al.

OCEAN SCIENCE (2016)

Article Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

OMIP contribution to CMIP6: experimental and diagnostic protocol for the physical component of the Ocean Model Intercomparison Project

Stephen M. Griffies et al.

GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT (2016)

Article Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

Global Seasonal forecast system version 5 (GloSea5): a high-resolution seasonal forecast system

C. MacLachlan et al.

QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY (2015)

Article Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

The Arctic-Atlantic Thermohaline Circulation

Tor Eldevik et al.

JOURNAL OF CLIMATE (2013)

Article Oceanography

Mechanisms for variable North Atlantic-Nordic seas exchanges

A. B. Sando et al.

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS (2012)

Article Oceanography

Observed and modeled surface eddy heat fluxes in the eastern Nordic Seas

P. E. Isachsen et al.

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS (2012)

Article Oceanography

Dense water formation and circulation in the Barents Sea

M. Arthun et al.

DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS (2011)

Article Oceanography

Interannual to decadal variability of Atlantic Water in the Nordic and adjacent seas

James A. Carton et al.

JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS (2011)

Article Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

Significant role of the North Icelandic Jet in the formation of Denmark Strait overflow water

Kjetil Vage et al.

NATURE GEOSCIENCE (2011)

Review Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences

The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project

G. P. Compo et al.

QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY (2011)

Article Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

Observed sources and variability of Nordic seas overflow

Tor Eldevik et al.

NATURE GEOSCIENCE (2009)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Observed and modelled stability of overflow across the Greenland-Scotland ridge

Steffen M. Olsen et al.

NATURE (2008)

Article Oceanography

Causes of changes in the Denmark strait overflow

Armin Koehl et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (2007)

Article Oceanography

Dense water formation in the Nordic Seas diagnosed from sea surface buoyancy fluxes

Pal Erik Isachsen et al.

DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS (2007)

Article Geosciences, Multidisciplinary

Increasing exchanges at Greenland-Scotland Ridge and their links with the North Atlantic Oscillation and Arctic Sea Ice

JL Zhang et al.

GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS (2004)