Journal
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 50, Issue 19, Pages -Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2023GL105687
Keywords
interchange injection; flux tube; energetic particles; Saturn's magnetosphere; magnetic gradient drift; particle trapping
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The study reveals the diverse observational features of particles in flux tubes with enhanced equatorial magnetic fields in Saturn's magnetosphere. These features are attributed to the sharp magnetic gradient at the edge of the flux tubes, which alters the drift trajectories of particles and leads to the diverse observational results.
In Saturn's magnetosphere, the radially-inward transport of magnetic fluxes is usually carried by localized flux tubes with sharply-enhanced equatorial magnetic fields. The flux tubes also bring energetic particles inward, which are expected to drift azimuthally and produce energy-dispersive signatures. Spacecraft observations, however, indicate the occurrence of energy-dispersionless signatures for perpendicular-moving particles. These unexpected features are attributed to the sharp magnetic gradient at the edge of the flux tubes, which significantly modifies the drift trajectories of perpendicular-moving particles to enable their trapping motion within the flux tubes. The bouncing particles are less affected by the gradient, and therefore, still display energy-dispersive signatures. It is the distinct particle behavior, together with different spacecraft traversal paths, that underlies the observational diversity. The results improve our understanding of particle dynamics in the magnetospheres of giant planets and indicate that pitch-angle information should be considered in the extraction of flux-tube properties from energetic particle observations.
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