Application of yellow mustard mucilage in encapsulation of essential oils and polyphenols using spray drying

The current study has investigated the application of water-soluble yellow mustard mucilage (WSM) as a novel wall material in microencapsulation of essential oils (EO), thymol and carvacrol, and polyphenols (PP). Thymol (25%, w/w), carvacrol (25%, w/w) and PP (50%, w/w) were encapsulated in WSM, maltodextrin (MD) and gum Arabic (GA) at various mass ratios (e.g. 1:2:6, 2:2:5, 0:3:6) and core to wall ratios (e.g. 4:9 and 1:5, w/w) by spray drying. Results confirmed that the addition of WSM into the wall formula improved the emulsion stability, encapsulation efficiency, and assisted in modulating the release pattern of the bioactive compounds. Overall, the formula with the WSM/MD/GA ratio of 2/2/5 (w/w/w) and the core to wall ratio of 1:5 showed the best releasing performance. The emulsion has maximum stability with zeta potential of -41.5 & PLUSMN; 1.7 mV and highest viscosity 0.032 & PLUSMN; 0.04 mPa s at the shear rate 100 s � 1. The Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer indicates that bioactive compounds have been entrapped physically without adverse reaction with wall materials. The scanning electron microscopy results show that microparticles are spherical with less dents and have an average particle size of 3.11 & mu;m. The highest encapsulation efficiency of 91% and prolonged releasing time were achieved, where 72.7% of EOs and PP were delivered to the lower section of the intestinal tract. The release kinetic of EOs and PP fitted well to the Rigter Peppas model (R2 = 0.991), of which erosion is the dominant mechanism. WSM could be utilized as a superior wall material to exert synergistic effects on the encapsulation of bioactive ingredients for related food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries.

Automated summary

The study investigated the use of water-soluble yellow mustard mucilage (WSM) as a wall material in microencapsulation of essential oils (EO), thymol and carvacrol, and polyphenols (PP). Results showed that the addition of WSM improved the stability of the emulsion, encapsulation efficiency, and release pattern of the bioactive compounds. WSM can be utilized as a superior wall material for the encapsulation of bioactive ingredients in food, feed, and pharmaceutical industries.