Effect of clarifying agent type and dose on the reduction of pyrethroid residues in apple juice

The widespread usage of pyrethroids in agriculture poses the risk of contamination in juice products. To easily mitigate this contamination, the common clarification process using clarifying agents was employed. In this study, the effects of clarifying agent types (bentonite, casein, gelatin, and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP)) and doses (50, 150, 250, 500, and 750 mg/L) on pyrethroid removal from apple juice were investigated. The py-rethroid residues were quantified using magnetic solid-phase extraction and HPLC-PDA analysis. The order of increasing adsorbent effectiveness on pyrethroid reduction was: casein (0.33-51.44%) < bentonite (6.38-69.24%) < PVPP (17.74-73.78%) < gelatin (43.03-93.79%). Each clarifying agent has its optimum condition, and the optimal dose of gelatin at 500 mg/L was identified as the best treatment for removing py-rethroid residues from apple juice. The adsorption mechanisms of gelatin-pyrethroids were proposed based on the removal results and their structures. Furthermore, the effectiveness of all treatments was not influenced by single or mixed pyrethroid solutions, indicating no antagonistic or synergistic effects. This study provided practical and effective treatments for mitigating pyrethroid contamination in apple juice, which reduce the consumer's health risk from exposure to pyrethroids through food consumption.

Automated summary

This study investigated the effects of different clarifying agents (bentonite, casein, gelatin, and PVPP) and doses (50, 150, 250, 500, and 750 mg/L) on the removal of pyrethroid residues from apple juice. Gelatin was found to be the most effective clarifying agent, with an optimal dose of 500 mg/L. This study provides practical and effective treatments for reducing pyrethroid contamination in apple juice.