Biological and pharmacological aspects of tannins and potential biotechnological applications

Secondary metabolites are divided into three classes: phenolic, terpenoid, and nitrogenous compounds. Phenolic compounds are also known as polyphenols and include tannins, classified as hydrolysable or condensed. Herein, we explored tannins for their ROS reduction characteristics and role in homeostasis. These activities are asso-ciated with the numbers and degree of polymerisation of reactive hydroxyl groups present in the phenolic rings of tannins. These characteristics are associated with anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and anti-proliferative health benefits. Tannins can reduce the risk of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and Alzheimer's, respectively. These biomolecules may be used as nutraceuticals to maintain good gut micro-biota. Industrial applications include providing durability to leather, anti-corrosive properties to metals, and substrates for 3D printing and in bio-based foam manufacture. This review updates regarding tannin-based research and highlights its biological and pharmacological relevance and potential applications.

Automated summary

This article explores the characteristics of tannins and their role in regulating ROS and maintaining homeostasis. Tannins have anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and anti-proliferative properties due to their ability to bind with reactive oxygen species. They can reduce the risk of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases and also maintain a healthy gut microbiota. Tannins have industrial applications in leather durability, metal corrosion resistance, 3D printing, and bio-based foam manufacturing. This review highlights the biological and pharmacological relevance of tannins and their potential applications.