Journal
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
Volume 65, Issue 6, Pages 926-934Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.03.012
Keywords
Brown adipose tissue; Cold exposure; Magnetic resonance imaging; Metabolic rate
Categories
Funding
- Linkoping University
- County Council of Ostergotland (LUA-ALF), Sweden
- Swedish Research Council [2013-4466, 2012-1652, 2014-2516]
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
- Sahlgrenska's University Hospital (LUA-ALF)
- European Union grant (DIABAT) [HEALTH-F2-2011-278373]
- Inga Britt and Arne Lundgren Foundation
- Soderberg Foundation
- King Gustaf V and Queen Victoria Freemason Foundation
- Novo Nordisk Fonden [NNF14OC0010547] Funding Source: researchfish
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Objective. To study if repeated cold-exposure increases metabolic rate and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume in humans when compared with avoiding to freeze. Design. Randomized, open, parallel-group trial. Methods. Healthy non-selected participants were randomized to achieve cold-exposure 1 hour/day, or to avoid any sense of feeling cold, for 6 weeks. Metabolic rate (MR) was measured by indirect calorimetry before and after acute cold-exposure with cold vests and ingestion of cold water. The BAT volumes in the supraclavicular region were measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results. Twenty-eight participants were recruited, 12 were allocated to controls and 16 to cold-exposure. Two participants in the cold group dropped out and one was excluded. Both the non-stimulated and the cold-stimulated MR were lowered within the group randomized to avoid cold (MR at room temperature from 1841 +/- 199 kCal/24 h to 1795 +/- 213 kCal/24 h, p = 0.047 cold-activated MR from 1900 +/- 150 kCal/24 h to 1793 +/- 215 kCal/24 h, p = 0.028). There was a trend towards increased MR at room temperature following the intervention in the cold-group (p = 0.052). The difference between MR changes by the interventions between groups was statistically significant (p = 0.008 at room temperature, p = 0.032 after cold-activation). In an on-treatment analysis after exclusion of two participants that reported >= 8 days without cold-exposure, supraclavicular BAT volume had increased in the cold-exposure group (from 0.0175 +/- 0.015 1 to 0.0216 +/- 0.014 1, p = 0.049). Conclusions. We found evidence for plasticity in metabolic rate by avoiding to freeze compared with cold-exposure in a randomized setting in non-selected humans. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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