Journal
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
Volume 65, Issue 2, Pages 102-113Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.001
Keywords
Inflammation; HCA(2); GPR109a; Beta-Hydroxybutyrate; Niacin
Categories
Funding
- Boshell Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases Research Program (Auburn University)
- Diabetes Action Research and Education Foundation
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The hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors (HCA(1-3)) are a family of G-protein-coupled receptors that are critical for sensing endogenous intermediates of metabolism. All three receptors are predominantly expressed on adipocytes and mediate anti-lipolytic effects. In addition to adipocytes, HCA(2) is highly expressed on immune cells, including macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils and dermal dendritic cells, among other cell types. The endogenous ligand for HCA(2) is beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB), a ketone body produced by the liver through beta-oxidation when an individual is in a negative energy balance. Recent studies demonstrate that HCA(2) mediates profound anti-inflammatory effects in a variety of tissues, indicating that HCA(2) may be an important therapeutic target for treating inflammatory disease processes. This review summarizes the roles of HCA(2) on inflammation in a number of tissues and clinical states. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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