Related references
Note: Only part of the references are listed.Urine cell-free DNA multi-omics to detect MRD and predict survival in bladder cancer patients
Pradeep S. Chauhan et al.
npj Precision Oncology (2023)
Immune mechanisms and molecular therapeutic strategies to enhance immunotherapy in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer Invited review for special issue Seminar: Treatment Advances and Molecular Biology Insights in Urothelial Carcinoma
Carissa Chu et al.
UROLOGIC ONCOLOGY-SEMINARS AND ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS (2023)
IMvigor011: a study of adjuvant atezolizumab in patients with high-risk MIBC who are ctDNA plus post-surgery
Francesca Jackson-Spence et al.
FUTURE ONCOLOGY (2023)
HER2 Expression in Bladder Cancer: A Focused View on Its Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Predictive Role
Francesca Sanguedolce et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2023)
Updated outcomes in TROPHY-U-01 cohort 1, a phase 2 study of sacituzumab govitecan (SG) in patients (pts) with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) that progressed after platinum (PT)-based chemotherapy and a checkpoint inhibitor (CPI).
Scott T. Tagawa et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2023)
Primary analysis of TROPHY-U-01 cohort 3, a phase 2 study of sacituzumab govitecan (SG) in combination with pembrolizumab (Pembro) in patients (pts) with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) that progressed after platinum (PT)-based therapy.
Petros Grivas et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2023)
Extended follow-up results from the CheckMate 274 trial.
Matt D. Galsky et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2023)
Final overall survival (OS) analysis of atezolizumab (atezo) monotherapy vs chemotherapy (chemo) in untreated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) from the Phase 3 IMvigor130 study.
Aristotelis Bamias et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2023)
Atezolizumab (atezo) + platinum/gemcitabine (plt/gem) vs placebo + plt/gem for first-line (1L) treatment (tx) of locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC): Final OS from the randomized Phase 3 IMvigor130 study.
Matt D. Galsky et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2023)
Primary analysis of TROPHY-U-01 cohort 2, a phase 2 study of sacituzumab govitecan (SG) in platinum (PT)-ineligible patients (pts) with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) that progressed after prior checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy.
Daniel P. Petrylak et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2023)
Tailored immunotherapy approach with nivolumab with or without ipilimumab in patients with advancedtransitional cell carcinoma after platinum-based chemotherapy (TITAN-TCC): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial
Marc-Oliver Grimm et al.
LANCET ONCOLOGY (2023)
Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma: results from KEYNOTE-045 and KEYNOTE-052 after up to 5 years of follow-up
A. V. Balar et al.
ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY (2023)
Pembrolizumab in Patients With Microsatellite Instability-High Advanced Endometrial Cancer: Results From the KEYNOTE-158 Study
David M. O'Malley et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2022)
First-line pembrolizumab (pembro) with or without lenvatinib (lenva) in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (LEAP-011): A phase 3, randomized, double-blind study.
Yohann Loriot et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2022)
Avelumab first-line (1L) maintenance for advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC): Long-term follow-up results from the JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial.
Thomas Powles et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2022)
PIVOT IO 009: A phase 3, randomized study of neoadjuvant and adjuvant nivolumab (NIVO) plus bempegaldesleukin (BEMPEG; NKTR-214) versus NIVO alone versus standard of care (SOC) in patients (pts) with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who are cisplatin (cis)-ineligible.
Petros Grivas et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2022)
Bladder cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up
T. Powles et al.
ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY (2022)
Final clinical results of pivotal trial of IL-15RαFc superagonist N-803 with BCG in BCG-unresponsive CIS and papillary nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).
Karim Chamie et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2022)
ALT-803 in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Preclinical and clinical evidence and translational potential
Wujun Chen et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2022)
Bladder Cancer, Version 2.2022 Featured Updates to the NCCN Guidelines
Thomas W. Flaig et al.
JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE CANCER NETWORK (2022)
Enfortumab Vedotin Plus Pembrolizumab in Previously Untreated Advanced Urothelial Cancer
Christopher J. Hoimes et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2022)
Intravesical nadofaragene firadenovec gene therapy for BCG-unresponsive non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a single-arm, open-label, repeat-dose clinical trial
Stephen A. Boorjian et al.
LANCET ONCOLOGY (2021)
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for the Treatment of Bladder Cancer
Antonio Lopez-Beltran et al.
CANCERS (2021)
Recent advances in neoadjuvant immunotherapy for urothelial bladder cancer: What to expect in the near future
M. Rey-Cardenas et al.
CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS (2021)
Phase II/III clinical results of IL-15R[alpha]Fc superagonist N-803 with BCG in BCG-unresponsive non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) carcinoma in situ (CIS) patients.
Karim Chamie et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)
TROPiCS-04: Study of sacituzumab govitecan in metastatic or locally advanced unresectable urothelial cancer that has progressed after platinum and checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Petros Grivas et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)
A phase III, randomized, open-label, multicenter, global study of first-line durvalumab plus standard of care (SoC) chemotherapy and durvalumab plus tremelimumab, and SoC chemotherapy versus SoC chemotherapy alone in unresectable locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (NILE).
Matt D. Galsky et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)
Phase II clinical study of concurrent durvalumab and radiation therapy (DUART) followed by adjuvant durvalumab in patients with localized urothelial cancer of bladder: Results for primary analyses and survival. BTCRC-GU15-023.
Monika Joshi et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)
Adjuvant atezolizumab versus observation in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (IMvigor010): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial
Joaquim Bellmunt et al.
LANCET ONCOLOGY (2021)
Atezolizumab Versus Chemotherapy in Patients with Platinum-treated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Long-term Overall Survival and Safety Update from the Phase 3 IMvigor211 Clinical Trial
Michiel S. van der Heijden et al.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY (2021)
Perioperative pembrolizumab therapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Phase III KEYNOTE-866 and KEYNOTE-905/EV-303
Matthew D. Galsky et al.
FUTURE ONCOLOGY (2021)
Advances in Immunotherapy and the TGF-β Resistance Pathway in Metastatic Bladder Cancer
David J. Benjamin et al.
CANCERS (2021)
TROPHY-U-01: A Phase II Open-Label Study of Sacituzumab Govitecan in Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Progressing After Platinum-Based Chemotherapy and Checkpoint Inhibitors
Scott T. Tagawa et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)
Identification of a Novel Inflamed Tumor Microenvironment Signature as a Predictive Biomarker of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Immunotherapy in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Jeffrey S. Damrauer et al.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2021)
Pembrolizumab (pembro) in combination with gemcitabine (Gem) and concurrent hypofractionated radiation therapy (RT) as bladder sparing treatment for muscle-invasive urothelial cancer of the bladder (MIBC): A multicenter phase 2 trial.
Arjun Vasant Balar et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)
Phase II trial of durvalumab plus tremelimumab with concurrent radiotherapy (RT) in patients (pts) with localized muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) treated with a selective bladder preservation approach: IMMUNOPRESERVE-SOGUG trial.
Xavier Garcia del Muro et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)
Pembrolizumab alone or combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy as first-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma (KEYNOTE-361): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial
Thomas Powles et al.
LANCET ONCOLOGY (2021)
Pembrolizumab monotherapy for the treatment of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer unresponsive to BCG (KEYNOTE-057): an open-label, single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 study
Arjun Balar et al.
LANCET ONCOLOGY (2021)
Adjuvant Nivolumab versus Placebo in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma
D. F. Bajorin et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)
The Rapidly Evolving Landscape of First-Line Targeted Therapy in Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: A Systematic Review
Jean-Michel Lavoie et al.
ONCOLOGIST (2021)
Open-label, Multicenter, Phase II Study of RC48-ADC, a HER2-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate, in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma
Xinan Sheng et al.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2021)
Adaptive Immune Resistance to Intravesical BCG in Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Implications for Prospective BCG-Unresponsive Trials
Max Kates et al.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2020)
Pembrolizumab with chemoradiotherapy as treatment for muscle invasive bladder cancer: A planned interim analysis of safety and efficacy of the PCR-MIB phase II clinical trial (ANZUP 1502).
Andrew James Weickhardt et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2020)
KEYNOTE-676: Phase III study of BCG and pembrolizumab for persistent/recurrent high-risk NMIBC
Ashish M. Kamat et al.
FUTURE ONCOLOGY (2020)
DUTRENEO Trial: A randomized phase II trial of DUrvalumab and TREmelimumab versus chemotherapy as a NEOadjuvant approach to muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer (MIBC) patients (pts) prospectively selected by an interferon (INF)-gamma immune signature.
Enrique Grande et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2020)
Atezolizumab with or without chemotherapy in metastatic urothelial cancer (IMvigor130): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial
Matthew D. Galsky et al.
LANCET (2020)
Nivolumab in Patients with Advanced Platinum-resistant Urothelial Carcinoma: Efficacy, Safety, and Biomarker Analyses with Extended Follow-up from CheckMate 275
Matthew D. Galsky et al.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2020)
Long-Term Outcomes in KEYNOTE-052: Phase II Study Investigating First-Line Pembrolizumab in Cisplatin-Ineligible Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer
Jacqueline Vuky et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2020)
Nivolumab (N) alone or in combination with ipilimumab (I) in patients (pts) with platinum-pretreated metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC): Extended follow-up from CheckMate 032
P. Sharma et al.
ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY (2020)
Phase II trial of concurrent nivolumab in urothelial bladder cancer with radiation therapy in localized/locally advanced disease for chemotherapy ineligible patients [NUTRA trial]
U. N. Vaishampayan et al.
ANNALS OF ONCOLOGY (2020)
Genomic Predictors of Good Outcome, Recurrence, or Progression in High-Grade T1 Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Joaquim Bellmunt et al.
CANCER RESEARCH (2020)
Durvalumab alone and durvalumab plus tremelimumab versus chemotherapy in previously untreated patients with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (DANUBE): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial
Thomas Powles et al.
LANCET ONCOLOGY (2020)
Preoperative ipilimumab plus nivolumab in locoregionally advanced urothelial cancer: the NABUCCO trial
Nick van Dijk et al.
NATURE MEDICINE (2020)
Avelumab Maintenance Therapy for Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma
Thomas Powles et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)
Durvalumab activity in previously treated patients who stopped durvalumab without disease progression
Siddharth Sheth et al.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2020)
Avelumab as second-line therapy for metastatic, platinum-treated urothelial carcinoma in the phase Ib JAVELIN Solid Tumor study: 2-year updated efficacy and safety analysis
Andrea B. Apolo et al.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2020)
Bladder Cancer: A Review
Andrew T. Lenis et al.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)
Pembrolizumab in Microsatellite-Instability-High Advanced Colorectal Cancer
T. Andre et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)
The Cancer Immunogram as a Framework for Personalized Immunotherapy in Urothelial Cancer
Nick van Dijk et al.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY (2019)
Genomic Differences Between Primary and Secondary Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer as a Basis for Disparate Outcomes to Cisplatin-based Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Eugene J. Pietzak et al.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY (2019)
A phase II study of RC48-ADC in HER2-positive patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma.
Xinan Sheng et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2019)
Clinical efficacy and biomarker analysis of neoadjuvant atezolizumab in operable urothelial carcinoma in the ABACUS trial
Thomas Powles et al.
NATURE MEDICINE (2019)
The Cancer Immunogram: A Pledge for a Comprehensive Biomarker Approach for Personalized Immunotherapy in Urothelial Cancer
Haris Zahoor et al.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY (2019)
Predicting Response to Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Immunotherapy: Are We There Yet? A Systematic Review
Ashish M. Kamat et al.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY (2018)
A phase 3, open-label, randomized study of nivolumab plus ipilimumab or standard of care (SOC) versus SOC alone in patients (pts) with previously untreated unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC; CheckMate 901).
Matt D. Galsky et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2018)
Alterations in DNA Damage Response and Repair Genes as Potential Marker of Clinical Benefit From PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade in Advanced Urothelial Cancers
Min Yuen Teo et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2018)
Atezolizumab versus chemotherapy in patients with platinum-treated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (IMvigor211): a multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial
Thomas Powles et al.
LANCET (2018)
Avelumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma after platinum failure (JAVELIN Solid Tumor): pooled results from two expansion cohorts of an open-label, phase 1 trial
Manish R. Patel et al.
LANCET ONCOLOGY (2018)
Mechanisms of BCG immunotherapy and its outlook for bladder cancer
Caroline Pettenati et al.
NATURE REVIEWS UROLOGY (2018)
TGFβ attenuates tumour response to PD-L1 blockade by contributing to exclusion of T cells
Sanjeev Mariathasan et al.
NATURE (2018)
Pembrolizumab as Neoadjuvant Therapy Before Radical Cystectomy in Patients With Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma (PURE-01): An Open-Label, Single-Arm, Phase II Study
Andrea Necchi et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2018)
Background and Update for S1602 A Phase III Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Influence of BCG Strain Differences and T Cell Priming with Intradermal BCG Before Intravesical Therapy for BCG-naive High-grade Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer
Robert S. Svatek et al.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY FOCUS (2018)
High PDL1 mRNA expression predicts better survival of stage pT1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients
Johannes Breyer et al.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY (2018)
Next-generation Sequencing of Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Reveals Potential Biomarkers and Rational Therapeutic Targets
Eugene J. Pietzak et al.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY (2017)
Long-term Outcomes After Bladder-preserving Tri-modality Therapy for Patients with Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: An Updated Analysis of the Massachusetts General Hospital Experience
Nicholas J. Giacalone et al.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY (2017)
Prognostic Performance and Reproducibility of the 1973 and 2004/2016 World Health Organization Grading Classification Systems in Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A European Association of Urology Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer Guidelines Panel Systematic Review
Viktor Soukup et al.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY (2017)
Intravesical rAd-IFNα/Syn3 for Patients With High-Grade, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-Refractory or Relapsed Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Phase II Randomized Study
Neal D. Shore et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2017)
Avelumab, an Anti-Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Antibody, In Patients With Refractory Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Results From a Multicenter, Phase Ib Study
Andrea B. Apolo et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2017)
Atezolizumab as first-line treatment in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial
Arjun V. Balar et al.
LANCET (2017)
Avelumab for metastatic or locally advanced previously treated solid tumours (JAVELIN Solid Tumor): a phase 1a, multicohort, dose-escalation trial
Christopher R. Heery et al.
LANCET ONCOLOGY (2017)
Nivolumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma after platinum therapy (CheckMate 275): a multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial
Padmanee Sharma et al.
LANCET ONCOLOGY (2017)
Mutational landscape of metastatic cancer revealed from prospective clinical sequencing of 10,000 patients
Ahmet Zehir et al.
NATURE MEDICINE (2017)
Pembrolizumab as Second-Line Therapy for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma
J. Bellmunt et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2017)
Efficacy and Safety of Durvalumab in Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Updated Results From a Phase 1/2 Open-label Study
Thomas Powles et al.
JAMA ONCOLOGY (2017)
Biomarkers for immunotherapy in bladder cancer: a moving target
David H. Aggen et al.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2017)
Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin with interferon-alpha versus intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin for treating non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Andrew R. H. Shepherd et al.
COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS (2017)
Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
A. Gordon Robertson et al.
CELL (2017)
Combining antibody-drug conjugates and immune-mediated cancer therapy: What to expect?
Hans-Peter Gerber et al.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2016)
Microsatellite Instability as a Biomarker for PD-1 Blockade
Jonathan C. Dudley et al.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2016)
Safety and Efficacy of Durvalumab (MEDI4736), an Anti-Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced Urothelial Bladder Cancer
Christophe Massard et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2016)
Atezolizumab in patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have progressed following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial
Jonathan E. Rosenberg et al.
LANCET (2016)
Nivolumab monotherapy in recurrent metastatic urothelial carcinoma (CheckMate 032): a multicentre, open-label, two-stage, multi-arm, phase 1/2 trial
Padmanee Sharma et al.
LANCET ONCOLOGY (2016)
Genomic characterization of high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Joshua J. Meeks et al.
ONCOTARGET (2016)
Interferon alfa in the treatment paradigm for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Donald Lamm et al.
UROLOGIC ONCOLOGY-SEMINARS AND ORIGINAL INVESTIGATIONS (2014)
Combining Radiation and Immunotherapy: A New Systemic Therapy for Solid Tumors?
Chad Tang et al.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH (2014)
Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Urothelial Bladder Cancer
Maximilian Burger et al.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY (2013)
Preexisting BCG-Specific T Cells Improve Intravesical Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer
Claire Biot et al.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2012)
Long-Term Efficacy Results of EORTC Genito-Urinary Group Randomized Phase 3 Study 30911 Comparing Intravesical Instillations of Epirubicin, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin plus Isoniazid in Patients with Intermediate- and High-Risk Stage Ta T1 Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder
Richard J. Sylvester et al.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY (2010)
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin With or Without Interferon α-2b and Megadose Versus Recommended Daily Allowance Vitamins During Induction and Maintenance Intravesical Treatment of Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer
Kenneth G. Nepple et al.
JOURNAL OF UROLOGY (2010)
The schedule and duration of intravesical chemotherapy in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review of the published results of randomized clinical trials
Richard J. Sylvester et al.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY (2008)
PD-L1 (B7-H1) expression by urothelial carcinoma of bladder and BCG-induced granulomata - Associations with localized stage progression
Brant A. Inman et al.
CANCER (2007)
Impact of renal impairment on eligibility for adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Atreya Dash et al.
CANCER (2006)
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer:: Update of a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data
H Abol-Enein et al.
EUROPEAN UROLOGY (2005)